English 1 Second Quarter Vocabulary Words & Definitions 2018

Week 10 Novel: a book-length work of fiction direct characterization: when the author describes the character (TELLS) indirect characterization: when the reader learns about a character through their words, actions, thoughts, or interaction with others (SHOWS) Conflict: A struggle between two opposing characters or forces, where only one can succeed Symbol: an item that represents or stands for something else Context: what surrounds something. May refer to the language surrounding a word or to historical events surrounding an event Narrator: the voice an author takes on to tell a story Foreshadowing: when the author provides hints about what is going to happen later in the story

Week 11 External conflict: a conflict between a character and a second person, a group, or an outside force (character vs. character, character vs. society, character vs. nature) Internal conflict: a struggle that occurs in a character’s mind; may involve decision-making or emotions (character vs. self) Novella: a short novel Context clues: the hints you can find in the text around an unknown word to help you guess its meaning Imply: when an author/speaker gives hints about their true meaning, instead of stating it directly (Do you want some gum?) Infer: when a reader/listener figures out an author/speaker’s hidden true meaning by recognizing hints and clues (I need to brush my teeth more often…) Static character: a character who stays the same throughout the entire story Dynamic character: a character who changes between the beginning and end of the story

Week 12 Character development: how an author makes a character believable and interesting by giving them personality traits and depth; how a character changes over time concrete detail: (CD) a specific example. In English class, it’s usually a quote or paraphrase from a book, cited with P-DOC. commentary: (CM) a sentence explaining why the concrete detail is important. Author’s purpose: what an author is trying to do with their written text, such as entertain, inform, persuade, teach, etc. First-person point of view: the narrator is a character in the story who uses “I” Third-person point of view: the narrator is NOT a character in the story, but an outside voice that uses ”he” and “she” omniscient point of view: when the narrator knows and can see everything that occurs in a story, including characters’ thoughts and feelings limited point of view: when the narrator does not know everything that is occurring in the story; the reader only knows what the character narrating the story knows

Week 13 Point of view: who is telling the story; who the narrator is Describe: to say what something is like; to tell details about something, especially what it looks like Imagery: when the writer uses details from the 5 senses to create an image in the reader’s mind Cause: what makes something happen; something that produces an effect Effect: a result; a change that happens Passage: one section of a written text, which could include multiple paragraphs and/or pages Allegory: a story that has both a literal and symbolic meaning Oppress: to burden someone with unfair restrictions in order to keep them in hardship

Week 14 Theme: the underlying message, moral, or life lesson in a work of literature Conclusion: an opinion or judgment that is formed after a period of thought or research Establish: to define the parameters of something; to start something that will last for a long time Analyze: to examine carefully and in great detail Intent: purpose; the thing you plan to do/achieve Prejudice: an unfair feeling of dislike for a person or group because of their race, sex, religion, etc.; a negative judgment formed about a group of people ahead of time, based on stereotypes Poetry: literature that is written in lines and stanzas Prose: text that is written in sentences and paragraphs

Week 15 Stanza: a group of lines in a poem, separated by a space Sensory detail: a detail that appeals to one of the five senses Metaphor: A figure of speech in which one thing is compared to another. Simile: A metaphor that uses “like” or “as” to make the comparison. Figurative language: language that has a meaning other than its literal meaning Rhyme: The repetition of ending sounds in two or more words. Rhyme scheme: The pattern of rhymes used at the end of every line in a poem. This is marked by giving each rhyming sound a letter of the alphabet. Ex: ABAB Internal rhyme: when two words within a line of poetry rhyme with each other

Week 16 Hyperbole: When a writer makes something seem bigger or more important than it really is; exaggeration. Personification: When a non-human thing is given human qualities. Onomatopoeia: Words that sound like the objects they name or the things they describe. Crash, boom, pow, hiss Tone: the emotions or attitude of the writer or speaker Alliteration: Repetition of beginning sounds; when two or more words begin with the same sound. Rudolph the red- nosed reindeer Assonance: repetition of vowel sounds in nearby words. making bacon pancakes – the “a” sounds Consonance: repetition of consonant sounds in nearby words. making bacon pancakes – the “k” sounds Speaker: The narrator of the poem. Often different from the author; not always a person