Events and Ideas #1 Motivations and Types World History Part I (Tuesday) covers the first six See it-Say its: nationalism, Social Darwinism, new Imperialism, colonialism, protectorate, and sphere of influence. Part II (Wednesday/Thursday) covers the second six See it-Say its: Berlin Conference, Open Door Policy, cash crop/commodities, Suez and Panama Canals, quinine/sepoys, and extraterritoriality. Part III (Friday) covers the remaining six See it-Say its: apartheid self-strengthening, zaibatsu, xenophobia, modernization, and westernization.

Essential Question: Explain the five motives of Imperialism and analyze why each of these motives were important to the Imperialistic powers.

What is Imperialism? An effort by stronger countries to dominate or control weaker countries or regions This was began before the Industrial Revolution Trading posts were established Missionaries were sent Colonies were established (Example: 13 colonies that became United States)

What is “New” Imperialism Period in late 1800s when industrialized (stronger) nations aggressively tried to control weaker (non-industrialized) nations. Often the stronger country: Obtained natural resources from the weaker region Sold manufactured goods to the weaker region Target regions: India, Africa, and Asia

THE 5 MOTIVES OF NEW IMPERIALISM 1. EXPLORATORY 2. ECONOMIC 3. RELIGIOUS 4. IDEOLOGICAL 5. POLITICAL

Exploratory Imperialism MOTIVE #1 Desire to explore “unknown” territory Conduct scientific and medical research

Religious Imperialism Motive #2 Religious Imperialism Desire to spread Christianity & end slavery Spread European values and moral beliefs

Ideological Imperialism Motive #3 Ideological Imperialism White race is superior- other cultures are primitive Desire to “civilize” other cultures

Darwin’s Theory (read only) "In the struggle for survival, the fittest win out at the expense of their rivals because they succeed in adapting themselves best to their environment." Charles Darwin "In the struggle for survival, the fittest win out at the expense of their rivals because they succeed in adapting themselves best to their environment." Charles Darwin 1859 book “On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection” - Explained that basic organism give way to complex organisms over millions of years due to mutations that allow for a particular species (plant or animal) to best adapt to its surroundings. - Objections to theory that human beings evolved from lesser species and that we are not unique creations of God. Darwin was specifically speaking about the natural world (animals and how they react to predators, etc.). NEXT SLIDE: Herbert Spencer

Social Darwinism Belief that Western industrialized nations were powerful and successful because they “adapted best to the environment.” This was based on Darwin’s theory on the natural world, but applied to human society by Herbert Spencer, a sociologist/philosopher Herbert Spencer was a sociologist/philosopher Took Darwin’s ideas on the biological world and applied them to human society Western nations succeed because they “adapted best to the environment.” On a personal level – “the strong and fit” rise to the top and advance in life while the weak decline. Herbert Spencer

White Man’s Burden Term is the title of a poem written by Rudyard Kipling Refers to the supposed duty (burden) that civilized people have to “civilize” people not considered civilized

Political Imperialism Motive #4 Political Imperialism Desire to gain power, pride & security Exercise military force & win colonies

Nationalism By1700/1800’s, many countries had become strongly nationalistic Summarize the meaning of the following quote in your notes: A connection to a people and/or a place Common language, religion, and national symbols Countries in Europe are strongly nationalistic Napoleon helped Europe to become nationalistic in the early 1800s. 100 years later, most of the nations are strongly patriotic. NEXT SLIDE: Social Darwinism

Economic Imperialism Motive #5 Expand and control foreign trade Create new markets- global markets Acquire raw materials and cheap labor Export industrial technology

Early exploration and colonization was for spices

THEN TO ACQUIRE OTHER RAW MATERIALS

Next to acquire goods not found in Europe Chinese silk and porcelain

ACQUIRE CHEAP LABOR

EXPORT Goods

THREE TYPES OF IMPERIALISM How does the stronger region have influence in or dominate another weaker region? 1. Sphere of Influence 2. Colonialism 3. Protectorate

The “reach” of Great Britain 1. Sphere of Influence Region or area where a foreign government or country has been given exclusive privileges such as: Right to trade Right to mine for natural resources. The “reach” of Great Britain

Spheres of Influence in China

British Officer/Local Troops 2. Colonialism Definition: Complete control of a country or region by a stronger country or region. Two ways of ruling a colony: Direct Rule (expensive): the ruling country brings in its own government officials and soldiers to run the colony. Indirect Rule (less expensive): the ruling country uses “locals” to run the colony. Very Expensive form of Imperial Control In Burma, the local monarchy opposed British rule so the British abolished the monarchy and directly administered the country. In Indochina, France imposed direct rule over southern provinces while the northern provinces were governed by a protectorate. Colonialism (direct rule) is the first form of imperial control. There are others… British Officer/Local Troops

Remember…..Until the American War for Independence Our 1st Thirteen Colonies were still part of the British Empire

Areas in pink indicate areas controlled by the British at one time – Red is when its Empire was at its height - 1914

France and Great Britain carve up the world.

From North to South Africa 3. Protectorate A weaker country or region has its own government, but it depends on another stronger country or region for its protection. This allows stronger country to control the weaker one 2nd form of Imperial Control and cheaper Local Governor Local Officials Local Soldiers Local Customs – Important: maintains culture From North to South Africa

PROTECTORATE : A COUNTRY WITH ITS OWN GOVERNMENT THAT’S UNDER THE CONTROL OF A MORE POWEFUL NATION. American Protectorate/Territories today (shown on the next few slides): American Samoa Guam Northern Mariana Islands Puerto Rico U.S. Virgin Islands

America Samoa Australia

Guam

Northern Mariana Islands China Northern Mariana Islands Australia

Puerto Rico

U.S. Virgin Islands

Essential Question: Explain the five motives of Imperialism and analyze why each of these motives were important to the Imperialistic powers.