Ch. 13 Reconstruction 1865-1877 1 1 1 1 1

Ch. 13 Section 1: Presidential Reconstruction 2 2 2 2 2

Lincoln’s Ten Percent Plan Offered _______________ (pardon) to those willing to take a ___________ oath to the United States ______ percent of a _____________ population must take the oath of loyalty for ____________________to the Union Free __________ ________________ governments must be disbanded 3 3 3 3 3

Lincoln’s Ten Percent Plan new governments for each Southern state be formed no former leaders of the ___________________ or high ranking __________________ could be a part of the new government Lincoln wanted to __________ the U.S. and not ____________ the South too harshly 4 4 4 4 4

A New President Democratic Vice President Andrew _______________ became President after Lincoln’s ____________. _________________ Reconstruction plan included: most Southerners would be granted amnesty once they swore ____________ to the Union. ____________ percent of the citizens in a __________ had to take the oath. 5 5 5 5 5

A New President Johnson’s plan also included: Only pardoned whites could vote for state delegates to ______________ conventions. Before entering the Union, ____________ had to denounce ___________________. States had to ratify the _______________ Amendment, which abolished slavery. All this was done without __________________ consent. 6 6 6 6 6

Freedmen’s Bureau In March ___________, a new government agency was set up to help _________________, or former _______________ persons. This agency was called the ___________________ _________________. The Freedmen’s Bureau: Distributed _________ and clothing. Provided _____________ services. Set up schools staffed by ________________ teachers 7 7 7 7 7

Freedmen’s Bureau The Freedmen’s Bureau also: Gave aid to ________________ _________________colleges Helped freed people acquire land or work for fair wages. The agency also redistributed _____________________ southern land to the freed men who swore loyalty to the Union. (_______ acres and a _________) The Bureau’s main goal was to help African Americans but it also helped ________ ___________ Southerners. 8 8 8 8 8

Ch. 13 Section 2: Congressional Reconstruction 9 9 9 9

Radical Republicans _________________ Republicans convinced ____________ to create their own, much ________________ Reconstruction plan. Congress passed the Wade-Davis bill in July 1864 which required strict ____________ and election laws for states ______________ the Union. 10 10 10 10

Radical Republicans The new requirements for a state to rejoin the Union: 1) A ____________ of white males in a state had to swear loyalty to the Union 2) Only __________ males who had not fought in the Civil War could vote for _______________. 3) Former __________________ were barred from public office. 4) Any new state constitution had to _____________ slavery 11 11 11 11

Civil Rights Act of 1866 Congress also passed the ________ __________ Act of ___________ guaranteeing citizenship to all ________________ (except ___________ Americans). It gave: Former __________ the right to _________ ____________, _______ and testify in court Sign ___________ contracts. 12 12 12 12 12

African American Rights Despite Congress’ efforts, the treatment of ______________ _________________ in the South was not improving. In reaction to the Civil Rights Act of 1866 many southern states passed _________ __________ or laws, made to control ___________ men and women and get around federal law. Under Black Codes freedmen could not: Serve on __________ _________ Rent or _________ ________ Had to enter into annual labor ____________ 13 13 13 13 13

Fourteenth Amendment June 1866 Granted ________________ to all persons born or _______________ in the United States All citizens are also guaranteed equal _____________ under the law South resisted this ______ and passed Black Codes as part of _____________ 14 14 14 14 14

Military Reconstruction Act To control the __________________ efforts in the South, Congress passed the ____________ _________________ Act in 1867 The law: Divided the South into ________ ____________ ______________ Union _____________ was in charge of each district 15 15 15 15 15

Military Reconstruction Act The law also required: New state ____________________ Right to _______ for all ___________ States must ratify the _______ ______________ 16 16 16 16

Fifteenth Amendment The final Reconstruction Amendment was passed in _______ to combat _____________ restrictions against freedman This amendment prohibited the state and federal governments from ____________ the right to vote to any male citizen because of “_______, ________, or ______________ ________ ______ ____________.” The ratification of this amendment granted African ___________ ________ the right to _______. 17 17 17 17 17

Pres. Johnson and Congress Andrew Johnson and Congress never seemed to agree on anything They disagreed about how to rebuild the _____________ Congress wanted _____________ policies, Johnson did not Johnson _________ every policy from Congress and opposed __________________ policies Congress _________________ his vetoes with ⅔ vote 18 18 18 18 18

Impeachment of Johnson (1868) ___________ of Representatives voted for his impeachment because: 1. Johnson violated the Tenure of Office Act 2. ________________ Congress 3. _____________ poorly 4. Tried to stop ______________ Reconstruction plans with ________________ ___________ put Johnson on trial Final vote – one vote shy of _______________ him from office 19 19 19 19 19

Ch. 13 Section 3: The New South 20 20 20 20 20

Sharecropping New system for _______________ System in which a landowner ___________ a plot of land to a _______________, or farmer, some seeds and tools, and perhaps a mule. _____________ farmers paid rent with a share of their crops ____________ – landowners who controlled sharecroppers Sharecroppers became trapped because _____________ could not pay their debts Had to give up some crops to cover _________ 21 21 21 21 21

Republicans in the South By 1870, all ___________ Confederate states had joined the Union Republicans held _____________ power and occupied most political offices Included _____________ slaves, ______________, _______ ___________ These new ________________ were called either _____________ or _____________________ 22 22 22 22 22

Carpetbaggers and Scalawags __________________________ Northerners moving into the South Became involved in ____________ _______________ White southerners who worked with __________________ and supported Reconstruction 23 23 23 23 23

African Americans in the South First led by the ______________ Many who ___________ in the North and had fought for the Union army Became involved in politics and represented ________________ majority 24 24 24 24 24

Southern Resistance Against ________________ power in the hands of African Americans forced many African Americans to take ____________ tests or pay a poll ________ to ________ not declared _____________ by the fed. govt. Southern states passed a “____________ clause” prior to the passage of the 15th Amendment One could only ___________ if his grandfather could vote. 25 25 25 25 25

Ku Klux Klan Started in 1866 by Nathaniel Bedford _____________ in Tennessee Secret society dedicated to white ______________ Mostly former _______________ soldiers Goals of the __________ Drive out _______________ Regain control of the South for the ______________ _______ Use __________ to prevent blacks from ___________ 26 26 26 26 26

Tactics of the KKK Broke up Republican meetings Harassed _________________ __________________workers Burned ___________, ___________, _______________ Kept ____________________ (white and black) from voting 27 27 27

Ku Klux Klan Act Passed by Congress in 1871 ____________ activities of the Klan Federal arrests of Klan leaders The laws had _____________ success because most white Southerners ____________ to speak against the secret societies. KKK had leadership in ____________ offices, _____________, and ____________ in the South 28 28 28 28 28

A Divided Society The South formed a _________________ society by passing ________ _________ laws required African Americans and whites to be __________________ in almost every public place. The Supreme Court upheld Jim Crow in 1896 landmark case of ____________ v. ________________. According to the Court’s ruling, public facilities should be _____________ but ____________ for each race. 29 29 29 29

A Divided Society Contd. Violence against African Americans __________________ after Reconstruction including lynching angry mob killed a person by hanging. Reconstruction did not provide African Americans _________ ____________ due to _________________ Leaders such as W.E.B. Du Bois would continue to demand full ___________ _____________ for African Americans 30 30 30 30 30

Election of 1876 Republican – Rutherford B. _____________ Democrat – Samuel Tilden Results decided by _________________ Rutherford B. Hayes won with the support of ____________ _________________

End of Reconstruction In April 1877, _____________ pulled _________ __________ out of the South Southern _______________ promised to maintain African Americans’ rights. Hayes wanted to let Southerners __________ ________ issues. __________ _______. would not become involved with issues involving ________ in the South for a long time after 1877 32 32 32 32 32