The English Revolution Warm Up: What is a revolution and why do people rebel?

Parliament Limits the English Monarchy Queen Elizabeth had frequent conflicts with Parliament The biggest obstacle to her becoming an absolute ruler was Parliament’s financial power When Elizabeth died, the throne was passed to her cousin, James Stuart, who was already king of Scotland (these two countries were not united until 1707)

Charles I When James died, King Charles I came to power In 1628, Parliament refused to give Charles I money until he signed the Petition of Right The petition set forth the notion that the law was higher than the King ( he signed this but did not follow it) In January 1642, Charles tried to arrest Parliament’s leaders Leaders escaped and Charles left the country but raised an army

English Civil War Civil War lasted from 1642-1649 Charles’ supporters were called Royalist or Cavaliers vs. Puritans or Roundheads Puritan supporters were called Roundheads and their leader was Oliver Cromwell In 1649, the Puritans brought Charles to trial, found him guilty, and sentenced him to death

Oliver Cromwell Established a commonwealth: republican form of government He eventually became a dictator Cromwell sought to reform society They abolished activities they found sinful such as the theater, sporting events, and dancing

Restoration and the Glorious Revolution In 1659, Parliament asked the older son of Charles I to rule England because they were sick of military rule Charles II restored the monarchy, the period of his rule is called the Restoration Habeas corpus is Latin meaning, “to have the body” Gave every prisoner the right to be brought before a judge to determine punishment A monarch could not put someone in jail for simply opposing the ruler Prisoners could not be held indefinitely without trial

Glorious Revolution When Charles II died, James II came to power James offended his subjects by flaunting his Catholicism William and Mary’s bloodless overthrow of King James II is called the Glorious Revolution England was now a constitutional monarchy, where laws limited the ruler’s power Laws limited the ruler’s power Parliament drafted a Bill of Rights to make the power of the King clear