************** ADJECTIVE CLAUSES ***************** English Department

clause: A clause is a group of words containing a subject and a verb. English Department

Independent clause: An independent clause is a complete sentence Independent clause: An independent clause is a complete sentence. It contains the main subject and verb of a sentence. (It is also called a main clause.) English Department

dependent clause: A dependent clause is not a complete sentence dependent clause: A dependent clause is not a complete sentence. It must be connected to an independent clause. English Department

adjective clause: An adjective clause is a dependent clause that modifies a noun. English Department

It describes, identifies, or gives further information about a noun It describes, identifies, or gives further information about a noun. (An adjective clause is also called a relative clause.) English Department

USING SUBJECT PRONOUNS: WHO, WHICH, THAT English Department

I thanked the woman. English Department

She helped me. English Department

I thanked the woman who helped me. English Department

I thanked the woman that helped me. English Department

The book is mine. English Department

It is on the table. English Department

The book which is on the table is mine English Department

The book that is on the table is mine English Department

USING OBJECT PRONOUNS: WHO(M), WHICH, THAT English Department

1. Pronoun Used As The Object Of A Verb English Department

The man was Mr. Jones. English Department

I saw him. English Department

The man who(m) I saw was Mr. Jones. English Department

The man that I saw was Mr. Jones. English Department

The man Ø I saw was Mr. Jones. English Department

The movie wasn't very good. English Department

We saw it last night. English Department

The movie which we saw last night wasn't very good. English Department

The movie that we saw last night wasn't very good. English Department

The movie Ø we saw last night wasn't very good. English Department

2. Pronoun Used As The Object Of A Preposition English Department

She is the woman. I told you about her. English Department

She is the woman about whom I told you. English Department

She is the woman who(m) I told you about. English Department

She is the woman that I told you about. English Department

She is the woman Ø I told you about. English Department

The music was good. We listened to it last night. English Department

The music to which we listened last night was good. English Department

The music which we listened to last night was good. English Department

The music that we listened to last night was good. English Department

The music Ø we listened to last night was good. English Department

USING WHOSE English Department

I know the man. His bicycle was stolen. English Department

I know the man whose bicycle was stolen. English Department

The student writes well. English Department

I read her composition. English Department

The student Whose composition I read writes well. English Department

Mr. Catt has a painting. Its value is inestimable. English Department

Mr. Catt has a painting whose value is inestimable. English Department

As a subject pronoun, who is more common than that. English Department

As a subject pronoun, that is more common than which. English Department

Object pronouns are usually omitted. English Department

USING WHERE English Department

The building is very old. English Department

He lives there (in that building). English Department

The building where he lives is very old. English Department

The building in which he lives is very old. English Department

The building which he lives in is very old. English Department

The building that he lives in is very old. English Department

The building Ø he lives in is very old. English Department

USING WHEN English Department

I’ll never forget the day. English Department

I met you then (on that day). English Department

I’ll never forget the day when I met you. English Department

I’ll never forget the day of which I met you. English Department

I’ll never forget the day that I met you. English Department

I’ll never forget the day Ø I met you. English Department

USING ADJECTIVE CLAUSES TO MODIFY PRONOUNS English Department

There is someone (whom) I want you to meet. English Department

Everything he said was pure nonsense. English Department

Anybody who wants to come is welcome. English Department

Paula was the only one I knew at the party. English Department

Scholarships are available for those who need financial assistance. English Department

It is I who am responsible. English Department

He who laughs last laughs best. English Department

We sometimes fear that which we do not understand. English Department

The bread my mother makes is much better than that which you can buy at a store. English Department

PUNCTUATION OF ADJECTIVE CLAUSES English Department

Do not use commas if the adjective clause is necessary to identify the noun it modifies. English Department

Use commas if the adjective clause simply gives additional information and is not necessary to identify the noun it modifies. English Department

The professor who teaches Chemistry 101 is an excellent lecturer. English Department

Professor Wilson, who teaches Chemistry 101, is an excellent lecturer. English Department

Hawaii, which consists of eight principal islands, is a favorite vacation spot. English Department

Mrs. Smith, who is a retired teacher, does volunteer work at the hospital. English Department

The man who(m)/that/Ø I met teaches chemistry. English Department

Mr. Lee, whom I met yesterday, teaches chemistry. English Department

We took some children on a picnic. English Department

The children, who wanted to play soccer, ran to an open field as soon as we arrived at the park. (all of the children wanted to play soccer) English Department

We took some children on a picnic We took some children on a picnic. The children who wanted to play soccer ran to an open field as soon as we arrived at the park. The others played a different game. (only some of the children wanted to play soccer.) English Department

USING EXPRESSIONS OF QUANTITY IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES English Department

In my class there are 20 students. English Department

Most of them are from the Far East. English Department

In my class there are 20 students, most of whom are from the Far East. English Department

He gave several reasons. English Department

Only a few of them were valid. English Department

He gave several reasons, only a few of which were valid. English Department

The teachers discussed Jim. English Department

One of his problems was poor study habits. English Department

The teachers discussed Jim, one of whose problems was poor study habits. English Department

USING NOUN + OF WHICH English Department

We have an antique table. English Department

The top of it has jade inlay. English Department

We have an antique table, the top of which has jade inlay. English Department

USING WHICH TO MODIFY A WHOLE SENTENCE English Department

Tom was late. That surprised me. English Department

Tom was late, which surprised me. English Department

The elevator is out of order. This is too bad. The elevator is out of order, which is too bad. English Department