1. Adjective Clauses
ESOL Grammar 4

2. Complete these sentences
I am a person who is …
I like people who are …
I want a life which/that is …

3. Adjective Clauses Pronouns -Used as Subject
An adjective clause, like a single word adjective, modifies a noun.
I thanked the woman who helped me.
The adjective clause who helped me modifies woman.

4. Adjective Clauses Pronouns -Used as Subject
A clause has both a S + V
I thanked the woman who helped me.
Who is the subject of the adj. clause
Helped is the verb.

5. Adjective Clauses Pronouns -Used as Subject
When an adjective clause is used to describe a subject, we use the following pronouns:
Who = used for people
Which = used for things
That = used for both people and things

6. Adjective Clauses Pronouns -Used as Subject
An adjective clauses closely follows the noun it modifies.
Usually, the clause comes immediately after the noun:
The book that is on the table is mine.
NOT
The book is mine that is on the table.

7. Let’s Practice P. 271 Exercises 2 a,b b,c Exercise 3
I saw the man who/what closed the door.
The girl who/that won the race is happy.
The student who/that next to me is from China.
The students who/that sit in the front are from China.
We are studying sentences that/ which contain adjective clauses.
I am using a sentence that/which contains an adjective clause.

8. Adjective Clauses Who, Which, That, Whose Where, When
Adjective pronouns
as subjects
as objects
to indicate possession
Where, When
Identifying and Non-identifying adjective clauses (with or without commas “,”)

9. Adjective Clauses Adjective clauses with quantity
Using “which” to indicate a whole sentence
Reducing adjective clauses to adjective phrases

10. Adjective Pronouns Who, Which, That, Whose Adjective pronouns
as subjects
as objects
to indicate possession

11. Adjective Pronouns as Subjects

12. Is he sociable, hardworking, and honest?
Ella is looking for a boyfriend / sociable, hardworking, and honest.

13. Ella is looking for a boyfriend who is sociable, hardworking, and honest.
Ella is looking for a boyfriend that is sociable, hardworking, and honest.

14. I live in a building / has very thin walls

15. I live in a building which has thin walls.
I live in a building that has thin walls.

16. Using Whose
Whose is used to show possession. It carries the same meaning as other possessive pronouns used as adjectives (his/her/its/their).
Like his/her/its/their, whose is connected to a noun:
His bicycle – whose bicycle
Her composition – whose composition
Both whose and the noun it is connected to are placed at the beginning of the adjective clause.
Whose cannot be omitted.

17. Using Whose Examples: I know the man. His bicycle was stolen.
I know the man whose bicycle was stolen.
The student writes well. I read her composition.
The student whose composition I read writes well.

18. Using Whose:
Whose usually modifies people, but it may also be used to modify things:
I worked at a company whose employees wanted to form a union.
I taught at a school whose students were terrible and at another school whose students were wonderful.

19. Adjective Pronouns That Indicate Possession
whose
“whose” is used for both persons and things

20. That is the student.
His application is on my desk.
That is the student whose application is on my desk.

21. Using Whose: Pronunciation:
Whose and who’s have the same pronunciation
However, who’s means “who is” or “who has”
That’s the boy who’s in my math class. (boy who is)
That’s the boy who’s been living at our house since his mother was arrested. (boy who has)

22. Let’s Practice P. 277
Exercises 17
Whose
Who

23. Let’s Practice P. 278 Exercises 18
I met the woman whose husband is the president of the corporation.
Mrs. North teaches a class for students whose native language is not English.
The people whose house we visited were nice.
I live in a dormitory whose residents come from many countries.
I have to call the man whose umbrella I accidentally picked up after the meeting.
The man whose beard caught on fire when he lit a cigarette poured a glass of water on his face.

24. Adjective Pronouns as Objects

25. These are the students / I met at the college yesterday.

26. These are the students who I met at CyFair yesterday.
These are the students that I met at CyFair yesterday.
These are the students whom I met at CyFair yesterday.

27. These are the students.
I met them at CyFair yesterday.
These are the students who/that/whom I met at CyFair yesterday.

28. These are the books / I bought last week

29. These are the books which I bought last week.
These are the books that I bought last week.

30. These are the books.
I bought them last week.
These are the books which/that I bought last week.

31. Correct or Incorrect?
Selena is a famous singer whose music won a Grammy Award.
Selena is a famous singer who’s music won a Grammy Award.
Selena is a famous singer who music won a Grammy Award.
Teresa is the woman whose clothing stores are very successful in Houston.

32. Correct or Incorrect?
Selena is a famous singer whose music won a Grammy Award.
Selena is a famous singer who’s whose music won a Grammy Award.
Selena is a famous singer who whose music won a Grammy Award.
Teresa is the woman whose clothing stores are very successful in Houston.

33. Where, When
in adjective clauses

34. When, Where P. 279 Besides who, which, that,
we can use when and where to introduce an adjective clause.
when – modifies a noun of time
where – modifies a noun of place

35. Where P. 280 Ex 24 The city where we spent our vacation was beautiful.
That is the restaurant where I will meet you.
The office where I work is busy.
That is the drawer where I keep my jewelry.

36. I remember the time / we were together.

37. When
I’ll never forget the day when I met you on. I’ll never forget the day on which I met you. I’ll never forget the day that I met you. I’ll never forget the day when I met you.

38. When P. 280 Ex 26 Monday is the day when they will come.
7:05 is the time when my plane arrives.
1960 is the year when the revolution took place.
July is the month when the weather is usually the hottest.

39. Where or When P. 281
Ex 27
That is the place where the accident occurred.
There was a time when movies cost a dime.
A café is a small restaurant where people can get a light meal.
Every neighborhood in Brussels has small cafes where customers drink coffee…
There was a time when dinosaurs …
The house where I was born and grew up was destroyed in a earthquake ten years ago.
The miser hid his money in a place where it was safe…
There came a time when the miser had to spend…

40. “which” to refer to an entire idea P. 291
Helen is hardworking, which impresses me. English is difficult, which is a fact everyone accepts. (This is used mostly in spoken English.)

41. “which” to refer to an entire idea
Ex 46 p.292
Sonya lost her job, which wasn’t surprising.
She usually came late to work, which upset her boss.
So her boss fired her, which made her angry.
She hadn’t saved any money, which was unfortunate.
So she had to borrow some money from me, which I didn’t like.
She has found a new job, which is lucky.
So she has repaid the money she borrowed form me, which I appreciate.
She has promised herself to be on time to work every day, which is a good idea.