Chapter 13 Section 4 A Flawed Peace Objective: Evaluate the Treaty of Versailles & its effects on European powers Vocabulary: Woodrow Wilson, Georges Clemenceau, Fourteen Points, Self-Determination, Treaty of Versailles, & League of Nations

Setting the Stage On January 18, 1919, a conference to establish the terms of peace had begun They met at the Palace of Versailles, just outside of Paris The Paris Peace Conference had delegates representing 32 countries The Allied powers struggled to solve their conflicting aims in various peace treaties Who lived in the Palace of Versailles?

The Allies Meet & Debate The meetings major decisions were decided by the Big Four: President Woodrow Wilson of the United States, Georges Clemenceau of France, David Lloyd George of Great Britain, & Vittorio Orlando of Italy Russia was dealing with a civil war & did not send a representative Germany & its allies were not invited

Check for Understanding Why would Germany not be invited to the peace conference? Sentence Starter: Germany would not be invited to the peace conference because _____________.

Wilson’s Plan for Peace Fourteen Points – series of proposals in which President Wilson outlined a plan for achieving a lasting peace after WWI The peace treaty included an end to secret treaties, freedom of the seas, free trade, & reduction in all national armies/navies Wilson’s plan also included the idea of self determination – the freedom of a people to decide under what form of government they wish to live Self-Determination would affect all the colonies and give them independence It also called for an organization that could peacefully negotiate solutions to world conflicts League of Nations

The Versailles Treaty Britain & France shows little sign of agreeing to Wilson’s vision of peace Treaty of Versailles – a peace treaty signed by Germany & the Allied powers after WWI The treaty created the League of Nations – an international association formed after WWI with the goal of keeping peace among nations Article 231 of the treaty stated, Germany had to accept SOLE responsibility for starting the war Germany had to pay reparations France wanted revenge for the damage done Signed on June 28th 1919, 5 years after Archduke Franz Ferdinand was killed War Guilt Clause All of Germany’s territories were taken over & the Allies would govern them until they were ready for independence

Check for Understanding Should Germany take sole responsibility for starting WWI? Sentence Starter: Germany should take sole responsibility/should not take sole responsibility for the war because ____________________.

A Troubled Treaty The agreements created feelings of bitterness & betrayal among the victors & the defeated The Versailles Treaty was just one of five treaties negotiated by the Allies

The Creation of New Nations The Western powers also signed treaties with the other defeated nations Austro-Hungarian was divided into Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, & Yugoslavia The Ottoman Turks were forced to give up almost all of their former empire, except for Turkey Russia also had land losses as well Finland, Estonia, Latvia, & Lithuania became independent nations

“A Peace Built on Quicksand” Americans objected the peace settlement & especially to the League of Nations set up by President Wilson & did not join The United States worked out a separate treaty with Germany several years later Germany & other countries felt cheated/betrayed by the peace settlements Japan & Italy gained less than they wanted They official wanted to stay out of European affairs Colonies were upset for sending people to fight in the war but did not gain their independence