Classification & Diagnosis

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Presentation transcript:

Classification & Diagnosis David Dozois University of Western Ontario Chapter 3

Classification of Mental Illness From Demons to… Disorders

What is Diagnosis? Assessment? p. 49-50

Assessment & Diagnosis “Classification is a fundamental activity of all humans” Dozois,2015, p.50 Assessment- is a procedure in which information is gathered systematically in the evaluation of a condition. Mental health assessments - interview, medical, psychophysiological and psychological testing p.50 Nick In abnormal psychology, diagnosis consists of a determination or identification of the nature of a person's disease or condition. P.49 Panic Disorder, Agoraphobia, Dependent Personality Disorder…

Is it possible to have a perfect diagnostic system? concurrent validity predictive validity. Inter-rater Reliability A strong one? p. 50-51

Strong Diagnostic Systems Reliability- same measurement/result each time Inter-rater Reliability- extent to which two raters will agree on diagnosis Validity- diagnostic category is able to predict accurately; are we measuring what we think we’re measuring Concurrent validity- related factors that support the conclusion/diagnosis Predictive validity- predicting future development

A Critical Len on Diagnosis David Rosenhan’s Experiment Purpose The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that psychiatrists cannot reliably tell the difference between people who are sane and those who are insane. The Experiment http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j6bmZ8cVB4o

Classification of Mental Disorder DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical manual of Mental Disorders- American Psychiatric Association) WHO- add mental health disorders to International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 1948 DSM-III- atheoretical and polythetic DSM-5- a move back to theoretical p. 52

Categories of Disorder At your table, scan and causally re-read the categories of disorders beginning on page 54-56. Take turns answering the following- If you had to choose area are of specialization/research- which area would you pick? What is comorbidity? p.55

DSM-5 CRITICISMS INNOVATIONS p. 57-61

DSM-5 Criticisms/Innovations Issues in the Diagnosis and Classification of Abnormal Behaviour Classification in general Medical Model Stigmatization Loss of information DSM in particular Gender Bias Cultural Bias Politics and the DSM