Biology Do Now 2-14-19 Directions: Take out a sheet of notebook (Do Now sheet) and, then answer each question based on yesterday’s.   Explain each of the following properties of water: cohesion, adhesion, high specific heat, density. Define: monomer, polymer, covalent bond, and ionic bond.

Biology Do Now 2-14-19 Key Explain each of the following properties of water: cohesion, adhesion, high specific heat, density. Cohesion: water molecules attracted to other water molecules Adhesion: water molecules attracted to other substances High specific heat: absorbs a lot of heat before evaporating Density: liquid water has a density of 1 g/mL; water is most dense (heavy) as a liquid at 4 degrees Celsius Define: monomer, polymer, covalent bond, and ionic bond. Monomer: a single subunit used to build polymers Polymer: a large, complex molecule made up of monomers Covalent bond: an attraction between 2 atoms formed from the sharing of electrons Ionic bond: an attraction between to charged atoms (ions) formed from the transfer of electrons

Biology Homework – Due on Friday, 2/15/19 Define and provide an example for the following terms: Carbohydrate, monosaccharide, lipid, fatty acid, protein, amino acid, nucleic acid, nucleotide. Complete Biological Molecules POGIL

Objective Students will know the properties of water, how molecules combine and the structure of macromolecules by taking notes, completing a POGIL and creating a colorful poster/chart project. Mastery Level: 70 pts. out of 100 pts. or better

Biomolecules (Updated) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YO244P1e9QM Biomolecules (Updated)

THE CHEMISTRY OF LIFE Organic chemistry – the study of all compounds that contain bonds between carbon atoms

The Macromolecules of life Cells can make a variety of macromolecules (large polymers) from a relatively small set of monomers (building blocks).

CARBOHYDRATES Used by cells to store and release energy Composed of C, H, and O Monomer (building block) is a monosaccharide, or simple sugar: examples are glucose and fructose A disaccharide is formed when two monosaccharides bond together; example sucrose = fructose + glucose

Carbs cont. The largest carbohydrates are the starch, glycogen, cellulose, and chitin. Starch – how plants store food they make Glycogen – how animals store food reserves in the liver Cellulose – structural material in plant cell walls; the fiber in the food you eat Chitin – structural material in fungal cell walls; in the exoskeletons of arthropods

Lipids Commonly called fats and oils Healthy Unhealthy Commonly called fats and oils Are insoluble in water because the molecules are nonpolar Used for energy storage, insulation, and protective coverings; they are a major component in cell membranes Contain numerous C-H chains called fatty acids

Lipids cont. Saturated fats (unhealthy) contain only single bonds in the C-H chains; are solid at room temperature Unsaturated fats (healthy) contain some double bonds in the C-H chains; are liquid at room temperature

Functions of proteins: Structural – hair, nails Transport – hemoglobin Movement – muscle fibers and cytoskeletal elements Defense – antibodies Regulation of cell functions – hormones and enzymes

Nucleic Acids DNA and RNA Function – control cell activities by directing protein synthesis Monomers are nucleotides which are made up of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphate group DNA – deoxyribonucleic acid is the master genetic code RNA – ribonucleic acid functions to make copies of DNA

Macromolecule of the Year Project Worth 100 points Work in groups of 2-3 students Must create a colorful and convincing chart about one macromolecule and why that molecule is the MOST ESSENTIAL (IMPORTANT) MACROMOLECULE. Due: 2/15/19 (Tomorrow)

DNA replicating, or the making of a new copy