Chapter 15: European Renaissance and Reformation Section 1: Italy: Birthplace of the Renaissance

The Black Plague resulted in the deaths of an estimated 75 to 200 million people Europeans targeted "various groups such as Jews, friars, foreigners, beggars, pilgrims”

Renaissance Rebirth: The Revival of art and learning 1300-1600 Started in Italy, Why?: 1) Thriving Cities: Italy became Urban quicker than other areas due to trade 2) Wealthy Merchant Class: Idea of individual achievement and wealth Paving your own path Middle Class dominated government Ex. Medici family in Florence: self made bankers Controlled government as dictator with money 3) Italians kept Greco-Roman heritage: Tried to revert back to art and learning of classical times

Renaissance Society Esentially the same as the middle ages : clergy, nobles, peasants At the top of Urban society were Patricians, merchants, and bankers

Classic and Worldly Values of the Renaissance Humanism: Intellectual movement focused on human potential and achievement Based on studying the classics People enjoyed material luxuries again Money was donated to the arts by cities and the wealthy

The Renaissance Man & Woman Man: Strives to master every area of study Woman: Seek fame Inspire art, but don’t create it

Renaissance and Art Perspective: Three dimensions on a flat surface Humanism leads to the painting of prominent citizens

Important Artists Leonardo: The True Renaissance Artist Painter, Sculptor, Inventor, Scientist MONA LISA, THE LAST SUPPER Raphael: Most famous perspective painter School of Athens Michelangelo: Known for portrayal of Human Body Sistine Chapel Ceiling, David, La Pieta

Leonardo: Man and Mona Lisa

Leonardo: Last Supper

Raphael: School of Athens

Michelangelo: Sistine Chapel Ceiling

Michelangelo: Last Judgment

Inside the Sistine Chapel

Michelangelo: Pieta and David

Renaissance Writers Popularized Vernacular: A persons Native Language Writing was usually only in Latin at the time Focused on self expression Petrarch: Father of Humanistic writing began the humanist emphasis on using pure classical Latin

Machiavelli The Prince: Examines how to gain and keep power in an imperfect world “Must be strong like a lion and sly like a fox” What’s right is not important What’s politically efficient is

Northern Artistic Renaissance Large wall spaces of Italian churches had encouraged the art of Fresco painting. Northern European artists painted illustrations for books and wooden panels for altarpieces

Northern Renaissance the artists of northern Europe sought to portray their world realistically, placed their subjects among everyday objects Robert Campin used shadows to create depth and the smallest details to reflect reality – The Annunciation Jan van Eyck among the first to use and perfect the technique of oil painting