1. Italy: Birthplace of the Renaissance

2. The Black Death 1346-1352 Killed 1/3 of European population Appeared in 3 forms – Pneumonic: attacked the lungs – Septicemic: appeared in bloodstream – Bubonic: caused buboes on the body

3. Spread of Black Plague Ignorant of its cause – Blames God’s anger, stars, and Jews Tried ineffective cures such as pomanders, flagellation, and repentance of sins

4. Hundred Years’ War Battle for power and control of France French King Charles IV died 1328 with no male heir to his throne Edward III of England claimed throne – Son-in-law of Charles Philip of Valois claimed throne – Nephew of Charles

5. Hundred Years’ War War lasts from 1337-1453 French finally push English out and Charles VII came to power Feudalism ended Absolute rule was in place

6. Renaissance Means rebirth and revival of the arts and learning Movement in Italy that caused an explosion of creativity in art, writing, and thought that lasted from 1300-1600

7. Renaissance Importance of the individual Spread from northern Italy to rest of Europe

8. Why Northern Italy 3 advantages – Thriving cities – A wealthy merchant class – Classical heritage of Greece and Rome

9. City-States Urban- Large cities with good size towns Overseas trade led to growth of city-states Cities were ideal breeding ground for intellectual revolution

10. City-States After Black Plague: – Economic changes – Fewer laborers-workers demanded higher wages – Merchants could pursue interests like art

11. Merchants Wealthy merchant class developed These merchants dominated politics

12. Medici Family Powerful banking family with banks in Florence and throughout Europe Ruled Florence but kept the appearance of having an elected government

13. Rome and Greece Drew inspiration from ruins of Greece and Rome Studied ancient Latin manuscripts

14. Classical Ideas Led idea of humanism – Intellectual movement that focused on human potential and achievement – Encouraged artists and architects to use classical traditions – Popularized study of philosophy, literature, and history (Humanities)

15. Worldly Pleasures Humanists suggested people enjoy life – Material luxuries – Fine foods – Good music Secular- being concerned with worldly pleasures rather than spiritual ones

16. Patrons of the Arts Financially supporting artists Beautified cities with large amounts of money being spent on art

17. Renaissance Man Man who excelled in many fields – Educated – Created art – Skilled worker, philosopher – Also known as universal man

18. Renaissance Woman Upper class women – Inspire art – Some education – Know the classics

19. Renaissance Art Perspective- shows three dimensions on a flat surface – Religious figures often portrayed

20. Realism Painted or sculpted prominent citizens – Used realistic style when depicting human body – Natural postures and expression which reflected personality – Revealed what was distinctive about each person

21. Leonardo da Vinci Painter, sculptor, inventor, and scientist Interested in how things work Famous works: – Mona Lisa p. 44 – The Last Supper

22. Raphael Sanzio Studied Leonardo and Michelangelo Famous for use of perspective Famous works: – School of Athens p. 45 – Painted prominent figures such as Leonardo, Michelangelo, and himself

23. Michelangelo Buonarroti Excelled as painter, sculptor, architect, poet Famous for the way he portrayed the human body in painting and sculpture Famous works: – Dome of St. Peter’s, Sistine Chapel, and Statue of David

25. Renaissance Writing Vernacular- writing in native language, instead of Latin (Dante) Poetry – Petrarch Stories (series) – Boccaccio Personal subjects, not politics – Vittoria Colonna Political Guides – Machiavelli

26. Spread of Idea In the 15 th century ideas from northern Italy began to spread north