Introduction to Chemistry Lesson 1.1 Introduction to Chemistry

Properties of Matter Lesson 1.1 V. Elements A. Pure materials that cannot be broken down through chemical reactions B. ex. Gold C. Chemical Symbol 1. 1 or 2 letters used to represent the element VI. Compounds A. Composed of two or more elements chemically combined B. Chemical Formula 1. A combination of chemical symbols used to represent a compound. C. Chemical Equation 1. A sentence composed of chemical symbols and formulas that represents a chemical reaction D. Sugar Decomposition

Properties of Matter Lesson 1.1 IV. Mixtures A. A physical blend of two or more components 1. Heterogeneous mixture a. uneven distribution of components b. ex. oil and vinegar 2. Homogeneous mixture a. even distribution of b. ex. saltwater

Properties of Matter Lesson 1.1 3. Chromatography 4. Magnetic Separation B. Separating Mixtures 1. Mechanical Filtration 2. Distillation

Properties of Matter Lesson 1.1 I. Matter A. Extensive Properties of Matter (depend on amount of matter present) 1. Mass a. the amount of matter present in a sample b. measured in grams (g) or kilograms (kg) 2. Volume a. the amount of space taken up by an object b. measured in milliliters (ml) or liters (l)

Properties of Matter Lesson 1.1 B. Intensive Properties of Matter (DO NOT depend on amount of matter present) 1. Color 2. Luster - shiny or dull 3. Odor 4. Malleability - may be hammered into different shapes without breaking 5. Ductility - may be drawn into wires 6. Conductivity - may conduct electricity 7. Hardness - ability to scratch other materials 8. Melting / Freezing Point 9. Vaporization / Condensation Point 10. Density

Properties of Matter Lesson 1.1 C. Physical Properties of Matter 1. Can be observed without changing the composition of the substance (extensive and intensive properties) D. Chemical Properties of Matter 1. Can only be observed by changing the composition of the substance (a chemical reaction must occur)

Properties of Matter Lesson 1.1 III. Physical Change A. A change in the shape, size or state of matter but not composition B. Reversible Change C. Irreversible Physical Change

Properties of Matter Lesson 1.1 VII. Chemical Change A. Observed when the composition of matter changes 1. Atoms and or molecules are separated, combined or rearranged. 2. Reactants are present before the reaction. 3. Products are present after the reaction.

Properties of Matter Lesson 1.1 B. Evidence that a chemical change has occurred 1. Formation of a precipitate 2. Color change 3. Gas production 4. Temperature change (energy released or absorbed)

Properties of Matter Lesson 1.1 II. States of Matter A. Gas B. Liquid C. Solid

Properties of Matter Lesson 1.1 C. Law of Conservation of Matter 1. In a chemical reaction, the mass of the reactants ALWAYS equals the mass of the products.