1. Matter and Change
Chapter 2

2. Properties of matter Mass: measure of the amount of matter
Volume: measure of the space occupied
Extensive property: depends on the amount of matter
Intensive property: depends on the type of matter
Substance: matter that has uniform and definite composition
Properties of matter

3. States of Matter Solid: definite shape and volume
Copyright1994 General Atomics
Solid: definite shape and volume
Liquid: indefinite shape and definite volume
Gas: indefinite shape and volume
Vapor: gaseous state of substance that is generally a liquid at room temperature
Plasma: made up of groups of positively and negatively charged particles
In neon gas, the electrons are all bound to the nucleus. In neon plasma, the electrons are free to move around the system.
States of Matter
Copyright1994 General Atomics

4. Quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance’s composition
Hardness, color, conductivity, malleability
Physical change: some properties of the material change, but the composition does not.
Reversible or Irreversible
Boil, freeze, melt, condense, break, cut, crush
Physical Property

5. Elements and Compounds
Element: simplest form of matter that has a unique set of properties
Hydrogen, oxygen, carbon
Compound: substance that contains 2 or more different elements chemically combined.
Water, sugar, carbon dioxide
Compounds can be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means, but elements cannot.
Elements and Compounds

6. Chemical property: ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change.
Chemical change: change that produces matter with a different composition than the original matter.
Burn, rot, rust, ferment, explode
The composition of matter always changes.
Chemical reaction: reactant (start) and product (end)
Chemical Change

7. Signs of chemical change
Transfer of energy
Change in color
Production of a gas
Formation of a precipitate (solid that forms and settles out of liquid)
Curds (solid) and whey (liquid)
Signs of chemical change

8. During any chemical reaction, the mass of the products is always equal to the mass of the reactants.
Conservation of mass: in any physical change or chemical reaction, mass is conserved.
Conservation of Mass

9. Mixtures Mixture: physical blend of two or more components.
Heterogeneous: composition is not uniform (two or more phases)
Chicken noodle soup
Curdled milk
Homogeneous(solution): composition is uniform throughout (1 phase)
Milk
Green ink
Phase: any part of a sample with uniform composition and properties
Mixtures

10. Differences in physical properties can be used to separate mixtures.
Filtration and distillation
Separating Mixtures