Make sure to play, read, and note take! Reform And Reformers Make sure to play, read, and note take!
Instructions After viewing the following slides, write only the facts in Red onto your Foldable.
Vocabulary: Reform: to bring change Reformer: a person devoted to bringing about reform or change, as in politics or society
Issue that needs Reform #1 Abolitionism What issue needs reform?: end slavery immediately.
William Lloyd Garrison (1801-1879) Slavery undermined republican values. Immediate emancipation (to become free) Slavery was a moral, not an economic issue. R2-4
Anti-Slavery Alphabet
Other White Abolitionists Lewis Tappan James Birney Arthur Tappan
Frederick Douglass (1817-1895) Black Abolitionists 1845 former slave wrote “The Narrative of the Life Of Frederick Douglass” 1847 newspaper editor of “The North Star” Frederick Douglass (1817-1895)
Sojourner Truth (1787-1883) or Isabella Baumfree 1850 former slave who wrote “The Narrative of Sojourner Truth” R2-10
Harriet Tubman (1820-1913) “Moses” Helped over 300 slaves to freedom. $40,000 bounty on her head. Served as a Union spy during the Civil War.
Leading Escaping Slaves Along the Underground Railroad
The Underground Railroad “Conductor” ==== leader of the escape “Passengers” ==== escaping slaves “Tracks” ==== routes “Trains” ==== farm wagons transporting the escaping slaves “Depots” ==== safe houses to rest/sleep
Methods Used Petitions Newspapers Mail Campaigns Violence
1826 - American Temperance Society “Demon Rum!” Issue that Needs Reform Temperance Movement: to rid the world of alcohol consumption Frances Willard 1826 - American Temperance Society “Demon Rum!” The Beecher Family
Annual Consumption of Alcohol
Temperance Movement Methods Used:
Methods Sermons, rallies, prohibition laws, invading and even storming into pubs and destroying the alcohol and beating the men!
3. Issue that Needs Reform Penitentiary Reform: Better treatment of criminals and people with disabilities or special needs. Dorothea Dix (1802-1887) R1-5/7
Methods Used: Petitions to Congress, separate asylums for the mentally ill, rehabilitation
Issue that Needs Reform Educational Reform What Needs to be Reformed: Low Literacy, school attendance, equal schooling for children By 1860 every state offered free public education to whites only.
Horace Mann (1796-1859) children were clay in the hands of teachers “Father of American Education” children were clay in the hands of teachers children should be “molded” into a state of perfection discouraged corporal punishment established state teacher- training programs R3-6
The McGuffey Eclectic Readers Used religious stories to teach “American values.” Teach middle class kids morality and respect for order. Teach “Protestant ethic” (frugality, hard work, sobriety) R3-8
Women Educators Troy, NY Female Seminary curriculum: math, physics, history, geography. school to train female teachers Emma Willard (1787-1870) Mary Lyons (1797-1849) 1837 she established Mt. Holyoke [So. Hadley, MA] as the first college for women.
Methods Used Petitions to congress Rewarding good behavior Hiring women as teachers Making it illegal not to send child to school Opening more schools
5. Issue that Needs Reform Women's Movement
What Needs to be reformed? Women Unable to vote. Giving Women citizenship. Single women could not own her own property. Married no control over her property or her children. Could not ask for divorce. Couldn’t make wills, sign a contract, or bring suit in court without her husband’s permission.
Key Reformers The 2nd Great Awakening inspired women to improve society. Lucy Stone Angelina Grimké Sarah Grimké American Women’s Suffrage Assoc. edited Woman’s Journal Southern Abolitionists R2-9
What It Would Be Like If Ladies Had Their Own Way! Analyze the cartoon
Methods Used Petitions, rallies, speaking tours