1. Second Great Awakening
Religious revival

2. Origins Began as reaction to rationalism
Played role in social reform in the North

3. Revivalism NEW YORK 1823: Charles G. Finney
Delivered sermons appealing to people’s emotions & fear of damnation
Preached all were free to be saved through faith & hard work
SOUTH & WEST Baptist & Methodist – outdoor revivals
By 1850 largest Protestant denomination in US

6. Millennialism William Miller
World would end with 2nd coming of Christ Oct 12, 1844
Become 7th day Adventists

7. Mormons Church of Latter-Day Saints Joseph Smith 1830
NY to OH to MO to IL
Murdered by mob in IL
Brigham Young leads to Utah
Practice cooperative socialism
Practices Polygamy

8. Reform Movements

9. Origins Antebellum era
Try to improve behavior through moral persuasion
Later resorted to political action

10. Public Education Begins:1700-1800
Causes: Motivated by fear of the future of the US, need to educated poor, workers and immigrants
Leadership: Horace Mann, Calvin Wiley
Accomplishments: Improved schools, compulsory attendance, longer school year, increased teacher prep, tax support, teaching of morality
More success in North. Southerner planters didn’t want to pay to educate poor whites, creation of the modern educational system today

11. Temperance (limit Drinking)
Begins: Causes: avg American consume 5 gallons of liquor, evils of society (abuse, crime, murder) blamed on alcohol Leadership: American Temperance Society, Lyman Beecher Accomplishments: Consumption of Alcohol drops 1851: ME first state to prohibit alcohol 1860: movement fades to CW 1920’s: Prohibition = Mobsters

13. Prisons Begins: Mid 1800’s (1816)
Causes: No separation of prisoners, fear breeding more criminals
Leadership: Dorothea Dix
Accomplishment: Create Prisons (penitentiaries) to rehabilatate, juvenile courts, end cruel punishments
Mental hospitals (asylums) to treat mentally ill

24. Early 19th Century Women Unable to vote Legal status of a minor
Single → could own her own property
Married → no control over her property or her children
Could not initiate divorce
Couldn’t make wills, sign a contract, or bring suit in court without her husband’s permission

25. Women’s Right Begins: 1750’s
Causes: Women little rights: Cult of Domesticity
Men = economic and political affairs
Women = home & children
Movements evolves from neglect as members in abolition
Leaders: Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Alice Paul, Susan B Anthony
Accomplishments: Seneca Falls Convention: Declaration of Rights & Sentiment (1848) – demand equal rights
Movement made improvements for equal voting, legal & property rights
Movement overshadowed by crisis over slavery
Women receive right to vote with the 19th amendment (1920)

26. Anti-Slavery 2nd Great Awakening encouraged Northerners to view as sin
American Colonization Society (1817)
Promoted removal of AA to Liberia
American Antislavery Society (1833)
William Lloyd Garrison (The liberator)
Abolition of slavery
Liberty Party (1840)
James Birney ran for Pres in 1840 & 1844
Abolish slavery

27. Antislavery Black Abolitionists Fredrick Douglass
Harriet Tubman, Sojourner Truth
Violent Abolitionism
1831: Nat Turner leads revolt in VA
Stops any discussion of antislavery in South

28. Utopia Communities
Shakers
Brook Farm
New Harmony
Oneida Community