Part One: Rise of the South The Civil War (1861-1865) Part One: Rise of the South

Secession 11 states seceded from the Union, and created a new country: The Confederate States of America

North vs. South The North (The Union, Yankees) Strengths Weaknesses 24 states, 22 million people Good railroad network 85% of American industry Navy Weaknesses Inexperienced military Lack of motivation

North vs. South The South (The Confederates, Rebels) Strengths Experienced leadership & soldiers Dedication Weaknesses 11 states, 9 million people Very little industry No navy Reliance on foreign trade

The South unites Jefferson Davis was elected president The South wrote a state’s rights friendly constitution Jefferson Davis was elected president

The South unites In the North, General Winfield Scott & Abraham Lincoln picked a man they trusted to lead the Union army in case war began.

The South unites He chose General Robert E. Lee, from Virginia Lee asked for time to consider his promotion

Lee’s home – Arlington, VA The South unites When he gave his answer, Lee stated, “I could not, in good conscious, raise arms against my home (Virginia)” Washington, DC Lee’s home – Arlington, VA

The South Unites Shortly after Lee turned down the Union, Jefferson Davis asked Lee to take the lead of the Southern troops Robert E. Lee became the leader of the Confederate Army. Lee began his career working in Richmond, the Confederate capitol, advising Davis.

Fort Sumter - 1861 In many cases, Union troop abandoned US forts in the South. Not Fort Sumter, South Carolina

Fort Sumter Major Robert Anderson refused to sacrifice the supplies and the fort to the rebels A stand-off ensued

Fort Sumter The Confederate forces opened fire, and Fort Sumter became the first battle of the Civil War

WAR!!! It was now obvious that war was the only way to preserve the Union. Both sides predicted a quick victory (90 days) An army of 35,000 Left Washington, DC to invade Virginia

WAR!! 22,000 Confederate troops, under the command of General Joseph Johnston, defended Bull Run Creek in Manassas, VA

WAR!!! The Battle of First Manassas (or Bull Run) was the first major confrontation in the Civil War

WAR!! The hero of the Battle of Bull Run was General Thomas Jackson His heroics would earn him the nickname “Stonewall”

The Anaconda Plan Realizing that they simply cannot walk into the South and win, General Winfield Scott developed a plan.

The Anaconda Plan The plan for victory was meant to cut off the South by: A naval blockade Control of the Mississippi River

The Peninsula Campaign The Union regrouped and sent in a second invasion of Virginia.

The Peninsula Campaign However, the Union commander, General McClellan, was a nervous commander who did not attack unless he was 100% sure he had the advantage Union Confederates 100,000 troops 50,000 troops Fresh soldiers Weary troops Well supplied Running low Naval support No navy

Peninsula Campaign Lee took direct control of the Confederate army in the middle of the fighting Because of heavy Confederate resistance, McClellan withdrew.

Antietam Lee decided to pursue the fleeing Union army He organized a plan that divided his forces for an attack into Maryland

Antietam Lee’s Special Order No. 191 – A detailed instruction to one of Lee’s generals was found by Union troops.

Antietam The Union was waiting and defended the fields of Antietam, MD. The Confederate invasion was pushed back after a bloody battle

The fields of Antietam

The Emancipation Proclamation After Antietam, Abraham Lincoln released the Emancipation Proclamation. It announced that all slaves living in the rebel states were free

Lee’s Plan Robert E. Lee knew that the Union’s strengths in both population and industry would eventually overwhelm the South. He made new plans to invade the North, hoping to turn the people against the war and Lincoln. The North would invade once more, and in this invasion, Lee would lose his best man, Stonewall Jackson.

A new leader Meanwhile, one general was given the task of conquering the Mississippi River. This man would eventually lead the Union to ultimate victory.

Assignment Your poster should include: Throughout the war, the Union made incredible efforts to increase the strength of its armies by recruiting new soldiers. Your assignment is to create a recruitment poster. Your poster should include: A mention of the first battle, Fort Sumter, and the year (20 points) A mention of the Emancipation Proclamation and the goals of the Union (20 points) Visual representations of the war (20 points) “eye-catching” visual appeal (40 points)