End of WWI.

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Presentation transcript:

End of WWI

Good bye Russia! March 1917 Czar Nicholas stepped down By 1917 millions of Russian soldiers had been wounded, killed or taken prisoner Nov 1917 Lenin comes to power March 1918 Russia is out of the war

Last Year of the War 1918 Russians out- Germans believe they can win war All attention is on the western front Germans launch big offensive-> Second Battle of the Marne (France) Allies advance with American troops (350 Allied tanks; 140,000 US troops) Germans stopped

Central Powers Collapse Bulgaria and Ottoman Empire surrenders Revolution swept through Austria-Hungary September 29, 1918 German military announces war is lost

German Dissent Allies unwilling to make peace with German Emperor Wilhelm II Emperor William II steps down Nov 9, 1918 Weimar Republic is formed (democratic) November 11, 1918 Weimar Republic signed armistice ending the war

WWI: THE PEACE SETTLEMENT

U.S. President Wilsons Peace Plan: 14 Points Made plan while war was still waging in January 1918 No secret treaties Reduce weapons and armies* Self determination (countries choose their own government) * Free Trade amongst nations League of Nations- international peace keeping organization * No reparations *

Treaty of Versailles Treaty to end WWI Allies Win War June 28, 1919 in Paris Meeting of the Big 4: Woodrow Wilson (U.S.) Georges Clemenceau (FR) David Lloyd George (GB) Vittorio Orlando (Italy) Lloyd-George, Clemenceau, Wilson At Versailles

Goals of the Victors France and Great Britain- wanted to keep Germany from rebuilding its military forces Italy- wanted to gain territory from Austria Hungary U.S.- wanted a lasting and just peace

Treaty of Versailles Discussion Get into groups of 4- no more than 4 people Each student will assume the role of one of the BIG 4 members Create your own terms of the treaty

Treaty of Versailles No more Austria-Hungarian Empire or Ottoman Empire Jewish people start migrating to Palestine (Modern Day Israel) Creates a new map of Europe- new countries Czechoslovakia Austria Yugoslavia Hungary Russia loses territory- new countries formed: Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania

What happened to Germany (Treaty of Versailles) Germany had to take blame for the war. (War Guilt Clause) Must pay reparations. (33 billion US dollars) Lost colonies Demilitarization Lost Alsace and Lorraine territory The new Weimar government in Germany had no chance to succeed.

DEMILITARIZED THE RHINELAND

Human Cost of War Russia- 1.7 million (killed) British- 900,000 France- 1.3 million Italy- 650,000 U.S.- 116,000 Germany- 1.7 million Austria- Hungary – 1.2 million