1. End & Effects of WWI

2. End of the War
American Troops arrive and provide a morale boost to war weary European soldiers
By March 1918, Allied troops were pushing the Germans back across France and Belgium.
German uprisings forced Kaiser William II to flee to exile in the Netherlands
By Fall of 1918 Austria-Hungary also beginning to collapse
At 11am on November 11, 1918 the new German government signed a peace treaty.

3. Costs of the War ALLIES Almost 5 million Almost 13 million CENTRAL
Deaths in Battle
Wounded in Battle
ALLIES
Almost 5 million
Almost 13 million
CENTRAL
POWERS
Over 11 million
Over 8 million
In 1918 there was a “pandemic” – the spread of a disease across the world. Over 20 million people were killed by the flu in just a few months.

4. Armenian Genocide

5. Armenian Genocide
Nationalism in the Ottoman Empire caused tension between Turks (the majority) and minority groups
Tension triggered the genocide of the Armenians (a minority)
Tens of thousands of Christian Armenians were killed in the early 20th century by the Turks

6. Attempts at Peace, January 1918
American President Wilson proposed a peace plan called “The Fourteen Points”
Included an end to secret treaties (alliances)
Free trade (alliances/imperialism)
Arms reduction (militarism)
Self-determination (nationalism/imperialism)
Fair treatment of colonial people (imperialism)
League of Nations (international peace-keeping organization that solves problems through diplomacy not war)

7. Wilson's Draft
of the
14 Points

8. Paris Peace Conference
David Lloyd-George, Vittorio Orlando, Georges Clemenceau, Woodrow Wilson

9. Paris Peace Conference
Goals of World Leaders:
Woodrow Wilson* (U.S.)
Wanted the 14 points to outline peace
David Lloyd George* (Britain)
Wanted to punish the Germans
Georges Clemenceau* (France)
Wanted to weaken Germany so it would never be a threat to France again
Vittorio Orlando (Italy)
Wanted the Allies to give them land once ruled by the Ottoman Empire
* = main member of the Paris Peace Conference
(The Big Three)

10. The Big Three

11. United States Senate never approved treaty
Treaty of Versailles
Germans forced to sign and had no input
German’s assumed full responsibility for the war
Forced Germany to pay war reparations, limited Germany’s military, removed territory from Germany (in Europe and abroad)
Established a League of Nations (outlined by Wilson’s 14 points)
Created a new map of Europe
Created the mandate system (form of colonial rule) where Allied countries gained new land
United States Senate never approved treaty

12. Effects of WWI
Widespread dissatisfaction and disillusionment with war and peace
Worldwide Economic Depression
Mandate System Established
Territory administered by Western powers in Africa, Asia, and Middle East
New Countries in Eastern Europe
Caused by break-up of Austria-Hungary & Ottoman Empire
Population Movement