England Limits Powers of Monarch 5.5 England Limits Powers of Monarch

Monarchs vs. Parliament James I (Elizabeth’s cousin) named king – also king of Scotland Elizabeth leaves many financial problems for James Charles I (James’ son) inherits throne Charles needs money for war – Parliament refuses Charles dissolves Parliament – so what? Parliament has no power to pass laws

Petition of Right Charles needs more money, so he has to call Parliament into session (Parliament controls the treasury) Parliament refuses to grant money until Charles signs Petition of Right Petition of Right – Charles would NOT Imprison people w/o due cause Levy taxes w/o Parliament consent House soldiers in private homes Impose martial law during peace

Petition of Right Charles signs petition to get money – but then ignores this Dissolves Parliament again What is the message of the petition? The law was more important than the king To raise more money, he imposes fines and fees on citizens

English Civil War Charles upsets Puritans by upholding rituals of Anglican Church Parliament passes laws to limit Charles’ power – Charles arrests Parliament leaders – Leaders escape Supporters of Charles = Royalists or Cavaliers Supporters of Parliament = Roundheads

Oliver Cromwell Oliver Cromwell – Puritan general who turns tide of war Charles captured & brought to trial Found guilty & beheaded Public execution first of its kind Cromwell now leads England – establishes republican form of government Wants to reform society

The Restoration Abolishes sports, theater, dancing Favored religious toleration – except Catholics Cromwell dies – England sick of military rule Charles II (son of Charles I) chosen by Parliament to rule England – restoration of monarchy Parliament passes habeas corpus Prisoners have right to go before a judge to hear charges Cannot be held indefinitely

The Glorious Revolution Charles II has no heir – Parliament chooses James II as king (Charles’ brother) James is Catholic – appoints Catholics to high office – against law Parliament protests – James dissolves Parliament James gives birth to a son – England worried about another Catholic reign

The Glorious Revolution James’ oldest daughter Mary = Protestant Mary is wife of William of Orange, Prince of Netherlands Parliament invites William & Mary to become king and queen in the name of Protestantism James flees to France – no blood spilled – called the Glorious Revolution

Limiting Power William and Mary want to work with Parliament Constitutional monarcy formed Bill of Rights passed – monarch cannot: Suspend laws of Parliament Levy taxes w/o Parliament approval Limit freedom of speech in Parliament Penalize citizen who complains

Limiting Power Parliament rules w/consent of monarch Monarch rules w/consent of Parliament If disagree government = standstill Cabinet formed Government officials who rule when government is at a standstill Leader of majority party in cabinet = Prime Minister