Sexual and Asexual Reproduction.

Living Things Reproduce 2 Types of Reproduction: Asexual Sexual

Asexual Reproduction: One parent producing an offspring genetically identical to itself (parent) Offspring can live independently

Types of Asexual Reproduction Budding: happens when a part of the parent organism pinches off and forms a new organism. The new organism separates from the parent and lives independently. Examples: Jellyfish, hydra, and some plants.

Budding Organism develops tiny buds on its body Asexual reproduction Buds form from the parent cell so the bud is identical to the parent. Both unicellular and multicellular

VIDEO SpongeBob

Types of Asexual Reproduction Fragmentation: parts of the organism break off and a new organism grows identical to the parent. Examples: Worms & starfish

Types of Asexual Reproduction Regeneration: organism loses a body part and that part may develop into a new organism or simply reform. Example: Sea star.

Regeneration: Specialized cells grow new tissue when a wound or lost limb occurs Examples: Starfish, lizard tails, planarian, cuttings from plants….

Cell Division in Unicellular Organisms Binary Fission: form of asexual reproduction in prokaryotic (lacks nucleus) organisms Parent organism splits in half (Eukaryotic – reproduce by mitosis ex: algae, some yeast, protozoans like paramecium)

Spores: Single-celled asexual reproductive unit of non-flowering plants, bacteria, fungi, and algae Identical to parent Released by parent organism Think of them like seeds; they are made to grow a new plant and all they need is the proper environment to thrive.

Sexual Reproduction Produces offspring that have a combination of genes inherited from two parents sex cells or gametes. Sperm Eggs

Sexual Reproduction Fusion of two gametes to produce a single zygote. This fusion is called fertilization. Sperm Eggs

Sexual Reproduction Two parents egg (female) and sperm (male) Fertilization – when egg and sperm unite Plants growing from seeds and animals growing from eggs Creates the diversity of life on earth Offspring is unique

Advantages and Disadvantages of Sexual and Asexual Reproduction: Body cells have extremely fast reproduction All identical All are different (strong traits survive) Slow/small reproduction Disadvantages Rapid growth can kill off some organisms – they will compete to survive If one gets damaged, offspring are damaged 1. Damaged offspring – traits can kill organism or carry on damaged genes

Asexual Reproduction One parent Identical to parent More likely to get disease budding, fragmentation, regeneration, binary fission, spore formation

Sexual Reproduction Two parents – male and female Unique offspring ( not identical to parents) Egg, sperm Fertilization ( egg and sperm unite) More resistant to disease

Asexual or Sexual Reproduction

#1 Offspring forms by pinching off the original parent Sexual reproduction Budding Regeneration Spore formation

#2 Reproduction involving male (sperm) and female (egg) Fission Asexual reproduction Sexual reproduction budding

#3 Form of reproduction resulting from a prokaryotic cell splitting in two Spore formation Binary fission Regeneration budding

#4 Results in an offspring being created Fission Budding Reproduction regeneration

#5 New tissue or limb reforms by reproducing asexually Budding Regeneration Binary fission Sexual reproduction

#6 Which of the following does NOT result in an offspring identical to the parent? Budding Asexual reproduction Sexual reproduction fission

#7 Asexual reproduction results in new bacteria whose genetic material is Identical to that of the parent Not identical to that of the parent Half identical to both parents Identical to that of another parent

#8 In sexual reproduction, the offspring receives its genetic makeup as All from the mother All from the father Half from the mother Half from the mother and half from the father

#9 All of the following are types of asexual reproduction EXCEPT Budding Fertilization Regeneration fission

#10 Which example could only be classified as an outcome of sexual reproduction? when one parent combines its genetic information with another parent to produce offspring Fertilization. when two of the offspring are produced from one parent. when all of the offspring are genetically identical. when the cells in the offspring have the same number of chromosomes as cells in the parent.

Answers 1 B 2 C 3 B 4 C 5 B

Answers 6 C 7 A 8 D 9 B 10 A