1. Asexual Reproduction
Type of reproduction by which offspring arise from a single organism.
Produced by mitosis.
Offspring inherit the genes of only one parent.
The offspring is genetically identical (uniform)of the parent.
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2. Asexual Reproduction – Mitosis
Results in two daughter cells having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent cell.
Cell goes through different phases before becoming clones of parent.
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3. Binary Fission Common in prokaryotes (organisms with no nucleus)
Occurs in some single- celled eukaryotes (with a nucleus)
Fully grown parent cell splits into two halves, producing two new cells
Examples: bacteria and amoeba, and euglena
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4. Budding Offspring grows out of the body of the parent (buds)
Example: hydras
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5. Fragmentation The body of the parent breaks into distinct pieces.
Each piece can produce an offspring.
Example: planarians
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6. Regeneration
If a piece of a parent is detached, it can grow and develop into a completely new offspring.
Example – some starfish
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7. Vegetative Reproduction
A process by which new organisms arise without production of seeds or spores
Example: some plants, potatoes
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8. Advantages of Asexual Reproduction
Good for organisms that are not mobile and cannot look for a mate.
Numerous offspring without “costing” the parent great amount to energy.
Organisms produce quicker.
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9. Disadvantages of Asexual Reproduction
Lacks genetic variation.
Because organisms are the same, they share the same weaknesses.
If the environment changes, there may not be time to adapt quickly enough to survive.
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10. Sexual Reproduction
Type of reproduction by which offspring arise from two parents.
Gametes are formed by meiosis.
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11. Sexual Reproduction - Meiosis
A type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half and produces four gamete cells.
Required to produce egg and sperm cells for sexual reproduction
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12. Advantages of Sexual Reproduction
Leads to genetic variations in new generations, which is fundamental for environmental adaptation.
Organism is more protected – does not necessarily have the weakness of parent.
Removes bad genes from the population.
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13. Disadvantages of Sexual Reproduction
Organism must find a mate.
Takes longer time to reproduce.
Can prevent favorable genes from being passed down.
Produces fewer offspring.
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14. Some Organisms Reproduce Both Ways
Some plants and animals can reproduce both ways.
There are benefits to this adaptation. What might they be?
Plant examples: fungi, strawberries, daffodils
Animal examples: starlet sea anemone, jellyfish, sponges
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