Do Now Go find the definition of nationalism and sectionalism. How do you think these definitions relate to our class? Is there a distinct “American” kind of music? What about literature? What about movies? If someone were to ask you what it means for a song or book to be American, how would you respond?

Nationalism vs. Sectionalism Demonstrated in every part of American life: focus today is growth of nationalism. Road Map: Art, Language, Literature, Innovation showed growth in American nationalism. Economic and social issues showed the conflict.

I. Nationalism in American Culture Objective 2.02

A. Art Hudson River School trained artists in three main American themes: discovery, settlement, and exploration; loved untamed American nature. How does the topic of relate to expansionism? You have to discover, settle and explore after you expand as a country. Thomas Cole: founder of the school, many famous paintings in this style. Neoclassical Architecture: National style of architecture developed from Greek architecture Most government buildings have this same style Why Greek style? Because they were the first great democracy, and the U.S. wanted to be a great democracy.

B. Language Noah Webster: wanted to separate American language and grammar from British language. Wrote books that established American English. Most important: Webster’s Dictionary. Still used today.

C. Literature Transcendentalism: literary movement against culture and religion of its time. Said that all people and nature were born good, but society corrupts them. Valued nature and being self-reliant: using your intellect to make your own decisions. Use these to “transcend” (rise above) society, often inspired by nature. Famous members: Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau.

C. Literature Knickerbocker School: worked to create American culture through literature by using themes/topics that were truly American, like the open frontier. Famous members: James Fennimore Cooper and Washington Irving.

Guided Practice Look through the following artifact samples and answer the Who, What, Why about each of them. You will work on this independently first, and then you will discuss your answers with a partner. We will then share out as a class.

Painting Needed for Handout

II. Nationalism: Technological Innovations and the Economy Objective 2.03

A. Agricultural Innovations Steel plow – tool created by John Deere that allowed farmers to plow tougher land. Mechanical reaper – allowed farmers to reap wheat faster. Impact: Made farming much more profitable because it required fewer people to do the same work. Impact: Made American expansion to the frontier easier for those farmers.

B. Technological Innovations Industrial Revolution: a shift from making goods by hand to making them with machines. Telegraph: invented by Samuel Morse. Sends series of dots/dashes long distances through wires. Major improvement in communication. Steamboat: designed by Robert Fulton to improve sea transportation. Allowed people and goods to travel further. Impact: Makes life easier for Americans, especially those moving west. Also created more trade, so it improved the economy.

C. Economy Era of Good Feelings - economy grew rapidly for seven years after the War of 1812. Why else would this era be one of “good feelings?” Henry Clay’s American System: Clay – Speaker of the House of Representatives Economic development program that included 1) tariffs to help industry, 2) a national bank to stabilize the economy, and 3) transportation projects to build commerce and trade. Impact: Economic growth and more nationalism.

Independent Practice Imagine you are an American business owner living in the early 1800s. You are writing a newspaper article that explains how your business has been affected by innovation. Your article should be 8-10 sentences.

Exit Ticket 1) Paintings by Thomas Cole would be most likely to show: a. A mighty rushing river. b. A street scene in Boston, Massachusetts. c. The faces of different American presidents. d. New American factories.

Exit Ticket 2) Why were the novels by James Fenimore Cooper (Last of the Mohicans, etc.) considered the first novels to reflect a truly U.S. culture? a. Cooper’s style reminded people of European authors as he wrote about many of the same themes. b. Cooper portrayed the frontier and themes distinct to those living in the U.S. c. Cooper was the first to produce a publish piece of fiction after the Revolutionary War. d. Cooper wrote about figures in U.S. society, like Washington and Jefferson.

Exit Ticket 3) How did technological innovations create American nationalism?