1. Early Industry and Inventions
Chapter 11, Section 1
Early Industry and Inventions

2. Free Enterprise and Factories
During Industrial Revolution factory machines replace hand tools
Manufacturing replaces farming as main form of work
Factory system brings workers, machines together under one roof [Visual]
People leave farms, move to cities where factories are located

3. Free Enterprise and Factories
Work for wages, have set schedules, way of life changes
War of 1812 leads U.S. towards industrialization
British blockade causes U.S. to manufacture goods previously imported

4. Factories Come to New England
New England good place to set up successful factories because:
fast-moving rivers
ships and access to the ocean
willing labor force
Samuel Slater builds first spinning mill, hires entire families
Family system of employment spreads throughout New England

5. The Lowell Mills Hires Women
Francis Cabot Lowell builds factory in Waltham, Massachusetts (1813)
Uses power looms, factory is successful, builds factory town—Lowell
Lowell mills— textile mills in Lowell, employ farm girls, high wages
Girls follow strict rules, read books, publish literary magazine
Later factories run by powerful steam engines instead of water power
Allow factories to be built away from rivers and beyond New England

7. New Way to Manufacture
U.S. government hires Eli Whitney to make 10,000 muskets for army
Guns are made one at a time by gunsmiths, Whitney changes this method
Uses interchangeable parts, parts exactly alike, to make guns (1801)
Speeds up production, makes repairs easy, uses less-skilled workers
Requires close supervision, gives workers less independence

8. Moving People, Goods and Messages
Robert Fulton invents steamboat, puts Clermont on Hudson River (1807)
Clermont makes trip from New York to Albany and back in record time
Henry Miller Shreve designs a more powerful steam engine
Enables steamboats to travel upriver, against current

9. Moving People, Goods and Messages
Samuel F. B. Morse first demonstrates the telegraph in 1837
Enables people to communicate in seconds between cities
By 1861, telegraph lines span U.S., brings people closer as a nation

10. Improved Farming John Deere invents steel plow (1836)
makes plowing Midwestern soil easier
more farmers move to Midwest
Mechanical reaper, threshing machine improves agriculture
Farmers feed factory workers, become market for factory goods
Growth of Northeastern textile mills increases Southern cotton demand