Organic Chemistry
What is an organic molecule? Unit 1: Biochemistry and Digestion What is an organic molecule? Contains Carbon and Hydrogen May contain N, O, P, and/or S SPONCH = all possible elements Contains Functional group Chemically reactive groups of atoms Organic molecules make up living things
Macromolecule Large molecules formed by the chemical combining of smaller molecules Organic molecules in Biology are a type of Macromolecule Proteins can contain 1000s of amino acids
Monomer vs. Polymer Chemical process that forms biological macromolecules In Biology…. Polymer = organic macromolecule Monomer – smaller molecules that chemically combine to make polymer
What types of organic molecules exist? Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates What are they in simple terms? What do they do for us? Sugars Starches What do they do for us? Energy storage!! (Both long and short term) What’s the monomer? A monosaccharide (glucose, fructose, etc.)
Carbohydrates What do they look like? Monosaccharide (glucose/fructose)
Dehydration Synthesis!
How do you break larger molecules (for example, polymers) into monomers? More specifically, how would you convert one polysaccharide molecule into multiple monosaccharide molecules?
Hydrolysis!!
Examples Monosaccharide (glucose/fructose) Disaccharide (sucrose/lactose/maltose) Polysaccharide (starch/glycogen/cellulose)
Nucleic Acids What is it in simple terms? What does it do for us? DNA and RNA What does it do for us? Stores hereditary information What are the monomers? Nucleotides (see drawing)
Lipids What are they? What do they do for us? Fats, oils, and waxes Store energy Form cell membranes Act as chemical messengers (hormones)
Triglycerides What the components? Glycerol backbone Three fatty acid chains
Examples of Lipids Triglycerides Steroids Phospholipids
Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fat
Proteins What do they do for us? EVERYTHING! Structural components of cells and bodies Muscle movement Antibodies (immune system) Hemoglobin (Transport O2 and CO2) Chemical messengers (hormones) Enzymes (speed up chemical reactions)
Proteins What is the monomer? Amino acids Start here
Unit 1: Biochemistry and Digestion
Dehydration Synthesis! Prevents heart disease
Dehydration Synthesis! Prevents heart disease
How can there be so many different proteins? Proteins are 1000s of amino acids long… Think about how many words that you can form with 26 letters… (and words aren’t even close to 1000 letters long)