Happy Second Semester!! On your note card . . . Name One thing you are proud of in this class from first semester. If you are new to class, write something from another class. One goal for second semester Not letter grade related, think skills related. How will you achieve that goal?

Intro to Nationalism

Where We’ve Been Middle Ages-Feudal Societies Hundred Years’ War (1337-1453) Nationalism emerges in England and France Renaissance-Slowly begin to break from feudal structure Trade expands/people begin to move around Reformation, Enlightenment, Sci. Revolution, Exploration Exploration of new ideas/break from tradition Absolutism People rally behind monarchs English Civil War, French Rev. People revolute against absolute rule

Industrial Revolution Congress of Vienna Countries working together for a common cause Relative peace between major European countries Industrial Revolution Creates competition/revolution

Where we’re headed Nationalism and WWI Interwar Years, Revolutions, and the Rise of Dictators Spring Paper (i.e. The Sophomore Project) WWII Cold War

In the age of industrialism, what is driving/encouraging widespread feelings of nationalism? Why now?

Nationalism Nationalism is the belief that people’s greatest loyalty should not be to a king, but to a nation of people who share common history and culture. Deep devotion to one’s nation

Three philosophies Conservative – wealthy property owners and nobility Wanted to protect old order and monarchies Liberal – mostly middle-class business leaders and merchants Wanted more power to parliaments, but limit the right to vote Radical – wanted drastic changes to give democracy to everyone Favored ideals from the French Revolution

Nationalism Nationalism blurs the lines of the political spectrum (conservative, liberal, radical)

Nation-state When a nation (a group of people with a common culture or history) has it’s own independent government, it is called a nation- state In 1815, three main nation-states: Britain, France and Spain

Non nation-states Germany – Dozens of different kingdoms, principalities, duchies, etc – not united into one nation-state Italy – 12 different kingdoms – not a nation-state Austria-Hungary – 9 different languages, 8 kingdoms, 3 religions – not a nation-state Russia – dozens of different languages, cultures, ethnic groups Ottoman Empire - 3 continents, 3 religions, many languages It all starts to change in the mid-1800s

Positives and Negatives Positive: Nationalism can serve as a unifying force within a country Negative: Nationalism can cause intense competition among nations

What contributes to and drives Nationalism?

Competition for materials and markets

Territorial Disputes

When a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries Imperialism When a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries

Militarism The policy of glorifying military power and keeping an army prepared for war

Types of Nationalist Movements Unification Mergers of politically divided but culturally similar lands 19th century Germany 19th century Italy

Separation Culturally distant group resists being added to a state or tries to break away Greeks in the Ottoman Empire

State-building Culturally distinct groups form into a new state by accepting a single culture The United States Turkey