1. Congress of Vienna

2. After Napoleon Europe’s major goal was to restore old order
After Napoleon Europe’s major goal was to restore old order. (principal of legitimacy)
Lawful monarchs from families before Napoleon would be restored to power to keep stability and peace in their countries.

3. Practiced in France but ignored elsewhere
People are moving to new political ideas
Out with the old

4. Political boundaries will change
Balance of Power- keep one country from becoming to powerful

5. Conservative Order Goal- tradition and stability
Obedience to authority and organized religion crucial for order in society
No revolution or revolts
No individual rights or representative governments

6. Concert of Europe
Big Players of the day- Great Britain, Prussia, Russia, and Austria
Agree to meet and help each other if order is needed
Would even send armies to put down revolutions (GB refused)

7. Liberalism People should be as free as possible from government
Protect civil liberties
Want written laws and constitutions
Only men own property could vote
(middle class)

8. Nationalism
Community of common interests, traditions, language, and customs
Conservatives suppress nationalism
Pride for one’s country

9. Revolutions 1848 Conservative order still dominates
France wants more rights
Revolt in France spreads across Europe and other countries try for democracy and universal male sufferage.

10. Central Europe Revolts
Austrian Empire was collection of different people
1848 demonstrations took control in Vienna
People demanded liberal constitutions
Czech revolt
Bohemia revolt
Hungary revolt
Italy revolt
They all fail

11. Throughout Europe revolts break out but fail.
Why? Liberals divided and can’t agree
Radicals did not get the support they hoped for
The revolts fail for now but nationalism grows