1. Nationalism Spreads

2. Nationalism – people’s greatest loyalty should be to nation of people who share a common culture and history
Terms to know:
State – an area of land that has specific borders
Nation – a group of people who identify with each other due to a common history, culture, or language
Nation-state –Individuals of the same nation controls the area of land where they live

3. Philosophies
Idea that the king is not the country meant that the country needed new definition
Different set of political ideas:
Conservative
Traditional monarchies
Liberal
Power given to elected parliaments, but only the educated and land-owners can vote
Radical
Gov’t should practice liberty, equality, and brotherhood

4. Greece First nation to win independence From Ottoman Empire
Popular movement
Europeans take Greek’s side
1830 – Russia, Britain, and France guarantee Greek freedom

5. Russia
Crimean War (1853)
Alexander II decided to move toward social change after this defeat
End of serfdom
Alexander III return to control
Industrial development
Nationalism
Ethnic groups

6. France 1830 King Charles X absolute monarch
Replaced by Louis-Phillippe
Second Republic 1848
Louis-Phillippe overthrown
Establish a Republic
December 1848
Louis-Napoleon wins
Railroads
Industrialization
Public works projects