1. THE LONG TERM CAUSES OF THE WAR
WORLD WAR I
THE LONG TERM CAUSES OF THE WAR

2. Patriotism or a deep devotion to one’s nation
NATIONALISM
Patriotism or a deep devotion to one’s nation
Positive:
builds unity within a country
Negative:
competition between nations can arise

3. Competition from the Industrial Revolution
European countries compete for materials for their factories
Everyone wants markets to sell their products in
By 1850 many countries competed – Great Britain, Germany, Russia, Austria-Hungary, France & Italy - for industrial dominance
Competition especially between the industrial nations of Britain & Germany

4. Territorial Disputes: France
France never got over their loss of Alsace -Lorraine to Germany during the Franco-Prussian War 1870 (recall Otto von Bismark & unification of Germany)

5. Territorial Disputes: New Nations
The declining Ottoman Empire began loosing some of the areas they controlled
People within the Ottoman Empire desired independent nations, instead of being controlled
New independent nations of Greece, Serbia, Bulgaria & Albania were created
Recall that Nationalism is also about a desire for an independent area where people share a common heritage

6. Territorial Disputes: The Balkans
Austria-Hungary & Russia both tried to dominate in the Balkans, a region in southeast Europe

7. Territorial Disputes: Desired Independence
Ethnic groups within the Austro-Hungarian empire were demanding independence
Outside pressure from Serbia: they wanted to liberate Slavs, & gain access to Adriatic Sea

8. IMPERIALISM
A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries or regions politically, economically, and/or socially

9. Colonial Holdings in 1914

10. Competition for colonies in Africa and Asia
Sometimes wars broke out among imperialist nations
Rivalry and mistrust of one another deepened

11. Policy of glorifying military power & keeping an army prepared for war
MILITARISM
Policy of glorifying military power & keeping an army prepared for war
European nations believe that to be truly great, they needed to have a powerful military
An arms race began – competition to build the biggest & strongest military with many weapons

12. Military leaders prepared mobilization plans (strategies to move troops in case of war)
Leaders of the time thought it better to attack first than to wait to be attacked
Having a large & strong standing army made citizens feel patriotic
Militarism also tied to the belief in Social Darwinism (the fittest military power will survive)

14. ALLIANCES
a formal agreement or treaty between two or more nations to cooperate for specific purposes
Alliances were developed as early as 1814 – they were intended to keep peace in Europe

15. Creation of the Triple Alliance
After the Unification of Germany, Bismark was interested in maintaining peace in Europe
1879, Bismark formed Dual Alliance between Germany & Austria-Hungary (an anti-France alliance) then 3 yrs later Italy joined  became Triple Alliance

16. Complicated Alliances
1887, Bismark signs treaty with Russia (unstable treaty because Austria-Hungary & Russia are rivals – both compete for the Balkans)
1890, Kaiser Wilhem II takes control of Germany & forces Bismark to resign – did not want to share power & wanted to prove Germany’s power

17. Wilhem II then allows treaty with Russia to lapse
Russia’s response: formed a defensive military alliance with France
Problem for Germany: now the enemy of both France & Russia
Now they would be forced to fight a two-front war (a war on both its Western & Eastern borders)

18. Creation of the Triple Entente
Wilhem II wants to make the German navy equal to Britain’s navy
Britain’s Response:
enlarge its own navy
then form alliance of their own with France & Russia – Triple Entente – ensured that Britain would not fight against France or Russia

19. By 1907 two rival camps existed in Europe
Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary, & Italy
Triple Entente: Great Britain, France, & Russia

20. Which alliance might have an advantage?
Why?

21. just remember the acronym:
LONG TERM CAUSES OF WWI
just remember the acronym:
* M A I N *
M: Militarism
A: Alliances
I: Imperialism
N: Nationalism

22. 1. The term militarism can best be defined as
(1) loyalty to a nation or ethnic group.
(2) buildup of armaments in
preparation for war.
(3) avoidance of military involvement
in civil wars.
(4) control of territories for economic
and political gain.

23. 2. What was a major cause of World War I?
(1) rebellions in colonial lands in Africa and Asia
(2) expansion of communism into western Europe
(3) militarism in the nations of Europe
(4) inability of the League of Nations to keep peace

24. 3. "Germany, Austria-Hungary, & Italy Form Triple
Alliance"
"Serbian Nationalism Grows in Balkans"
"Archduke Franz Ferdinand Assassinated in Bosnia"
The events in these headlines contributed most directly to the
(1) beginning of World War I
(2) outbreak of the Cold War
(3) development of communist rule in Europe
(4) strengthening of European monarchies

25. 4. The Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente contributed to the start of World War I by
(1) failing to include Germany and France as
members
(2) threatening countries in the Western
Hemisphere
(3) allowing Japanese aggression in Korea
(4) increasing tensions between European
countries