1. Aim: Identify schools of political thought in connection to European Nationalism

2. Clash of Philosophies
As revolutions shook the colonies, Europe was undergoing changes
Revolutions in Europe erupted between
Three schools of political thought struggled for supremacy in European society
Believed that its style of government would best serve the people
1) Conservative
Wealthy & nobility argued for protection of monarchies
2) Liberal
Middle class wanted to give power to parliament
3) Radical
favored drastic change to extend democracy 2

3. Nationalism Develops New movement called nationalism emerged
Belief that people’s greatest loyalty should not be to a king or empire
Loyalty should be to a nation of people who share a common culture & history
When a nation had its own independent government, it became a nation-state
Nation-State defends the nation’s territory & way of life
1815 Europe, France, England, & Spain could be called nation-states
Most of the people who believed in nationalism were either liberals or radicals
Liberal middle class (teachers, lawyers & businesspeople) led struggle for constitutional government 3

4. Positive & Negative Results of Nationalism
Positive Results:
People within a nation overcoming their differences for the common good
The overthrow of colonial rule
Democratic governments in nations throughout the world
Competition among nations spurring scientific & technological advances
Negative Results:
Forced assimilation of minority cultures into a nation’s majority culture
Ethnic cleansing, such as in Bosnia & Herzegovina in the 1990’s
The rise of extreme nationalistic movements such as Nazism
Competition between nation’s leading to warfare 4