Plant Classification and Reproduction Chapter 11

11A Plant Classification What is a Plant? Many ways to classify a plant Non-Vascular Seedless Spore Forming Mosses Bryophyta Vascular Seeded Gametes & Seeds (simple seed) Cone Producing Coniferophyta Flowering Plants Anthophyta Seedless Gametes & Spores Ferns Pteridophyta

11A Plant Classification Nonvascular Plants Water & other materials transported by diffusion Short plants close to the ground Lives near water or in shady spots Mosses Bryophytes Two parts Lower part – green and leafy with rhizoids (rootlike) Upper part – stalk and capsule, not always present What is necessary for reproduction? Two distinct stages in the life cycle Different form of reproduction in each cycle Gametophyte Sporophyte How are mosses used by us? Liverworts & Hornworts What do Rhizoids do? What does the capsule do? What’s it called?

11A Plant Classification When will plants grow? Annual Biennial Perennial Seedless Vascular Plants Grow tall and live in drier climates – why? Need water – why? Ferns Fronds Rhizomes Sori (sorus) Reproduction? Club Mosses & HorseTails What were they used for? Why?

11A Plant Classification Seeded Plants Seeds Are multicellular, contain an embryo Have energy reserves, multiple barriers for protection Two groups of seed plants Angiosperm (means what?) Largest group of plants in the world Seeds are fully covered by a fruit Fruits develop from flowers All angiosperms produce flowers Gymnosperm (means what?) Seeds are not fully covered, exposed in some way Do not produce flowers Cyads, gingkos, conifers

11B Plant Reproduction Sexual Reproduction Flowers Provides genetic variation Chromosomes are found in Gametes Haploid → Zygote In flowering plants these cells are produced in the flowers Flowers Primary reproductive organs Make the reproductive cells Everything about their design is to help them carry out their reproductive process Flowers typically consist of four types of appendages

11B Plant Reproduction Pollination Seeds Fertilization Three parts Cotyledon Monocots or Dicots Fruit Germination

11B Plant Reproduction Asexual Reproduction Very little genetic variation Some plants reproduce asexually as a normal part of their life cycle Runners and plantlets Root sprouts Leaf cutting Stems of plants Buds “eyes”