Biochemistry Review Bio 1

What is the atomic mass of an element? A. number of protons plus electrons B. number of neutrons C. number of protons plus neutrons Answer: C

What is a cation? A. negatively charged ion B. neutral charged ion C. positively charged ion Answer: C

What is the appropriate charge for a proton, neutron, and electron? A. negative, positive, neutral B. neutral, positive, negative C. positive, neutral, negative Answer: C

Where are electrons found? A. moving in orbitals B. in the nucleus C. stationary in orbitals Answer: A

O2 is an example of which? A. molecule B. atom C. compound D. both molecule and compound Answer: A

NaCl is an example of which? A. molecule B. compound C. atom D. both molecule and compound Answer: D

C, is an example of which? A. molecule B. compound C. atom Answer: C

An anion is a what? A. positively charged ion B. negatively charged ion C. neutral charged ion Answer: B

The sharing of electrons is what type of bond? A. ionic B. covalent C. hydrogen Answer: B

Why is carbon so unique compared to other elements? A. it is chemically unreactive B. it is chemically inert C. it has 4 valence electrons Answer: C

What kinds of structures can carbon form? A. chains and links B. chains and rings C. rings and links Answer: B

As units change on the pH scale they do so by a factor of what? Answer: A

If you were to read a pH scale from the lowest end to highest, which is the correct order? A. bases, neutral, acids B. acids, neutral, bases C. neutral, bases, acids Answer: B

These neutralize the pH in our body’s cells A. buffers B. pure water C. sugars Answer: A

The more hydrogen ions in a solution the more what? A. basic B. neutral C. acidic Answer: C

What is one of the main ways to identify a sugar? A. looking at its’ fatty acids B. looking at the 1:2:1 ratio C. looking at the name’s ending Answer: B

What are the 2 main types of carbohydrates? A. simple, complex B. simple, saturated C. complex, unsaturated Answer: A

If a water molecule is extracted from monomers it is… A. dehydration synthesis B. hydrolysis C. a carbohydrate Answer: A

Which of the following does not occur naturally? A. Saturated fats B. Unsaturated fats C. Trans fats Answer: C

Saturated fats are more unhealthy for you, why is this? A. They have kinks in their tails that make it hard to digest B. They have double bonds making them pack tight together and be hard to digest C. They have single straight bonds making them pack tight and hard to digest Answer: C

The addition of a water molecule to monomers is called… A. hydrolysis B. dehydration synthesis C. a carbohydrate Answer: A

What are lipids made of? A. a glycerol and 3 fatty acids B. a sugar chain and 3 fatty acids C. a glycerol and 4 fatty acids Answer: A

What does an enzyme do to a reaction? A. raises activation energy B. speeds up reaction C. slows reaction down Answer: B

An enzyme is what type of macromolecule? A. lipid B. carbohydrate C. protein Answer: C

How does a catalyst work? A. by lowering activation energy B. by raising activation energy C. by producing more energy Answer: A

What bonds hold together amino acids? A. covalent B. hydrogen C. peptide Answer: C

Each amino acid is made up of what? A. carboxyl group, “R” group, amino group B. carboxyl group, “R” group, ester linkage C. amino group, “R” group, glycerol group Answer: A

What does the “lock and key theory” explain with enzymes? A. how a substrate and enzyme may not always fit B. how as soon as a substrate binds it denatures the enzyme C. how a substrate and enzyme are perfect fits Answer: C

Draw and Label a picture of the lock and key theory

What are the 4 structural levels of a protein and how are they different? Answer: primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary. They become more complex with bonds and twists and folds as they reach quaternary level. Multiple chains become twisted and also provide more structural strength.