1. 2
Chemistry Comes Alive

2. Which of the following is not an example of matter?
Blood plasma
Air we breathe
A hand bone
Energy
Answer: d. Energy
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3. Chemical energy is __________.
a form of kinetic energy
energy stored in bonds between atoms
a form of potential energy
both b and c
Answer: d. both b and c
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4. Which of the following is an example of the conversion of potential energy into kinetic energy?
Synthesis of ATP from glucose
ATP hydrolysis to drive muscle contraction
Digestion of protein in the stomach
Pumping ions across a cell membrane
Answer: b. ATP hydrolysis to drive muscle contraction
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5. The four elements that comprise 96% of living matter are __________.
carbon, sodium, nitrogen, oxygen
carbon, hydrogen, sodium, oxygen
carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sodium
carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen
Answer: d. carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen
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6. An atom's nucleus contains __________.
protons
neutrons
electrons
protons and neutrons
Answer: d. protons and neutrons
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7. The element lithium has 3 protons and 4 neutrons in its nucleus
The element lithium has 3 protons and 4 neutrons in its nucleus. Its mass number is __________. 3 4 7 12
Answer: c. 7
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8. When atoms of two different elements bind together, they form a(n) __________.
compound
mixture
element
solution
Answer: a. compound
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9. Which of the following mixture(s) are homogeneous?
Colloids
Solutions
Suspensions
Both colloids and suspensions
Answer: b. Solutions
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10. The most important determinant of an atom's bonding behavior is __________.
the number of protons in the nucleus
the total number of electrons
the number of valence shell electrons
the number of neutrons in the nucleus
Answer: c. the number of valence shell electrons
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11. When atoms gain electrons, __________.
the atoms become electrically neutral
the atoms become positively charged
their atomic mass significantly increases
the atoms become negatively charged
Answer: d. the atoms become negatively charged
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12. Ionic bonds connect atoms together by __________.
overlap of valence shells
charge attractions
overlap of the nucleus
attractions between dipoles
Answer: b. charge attractions
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13. Covalent bonds occur when __________.
electrons are shared between atoms
electrons are transferred between atoms
electrons are lost
opposite charges attract atoms together
Answer: a. electrons are shared between atoms
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14. An atom will tend to be electronegative if __________.
it lacks only 1–2 electrons in the valence shell
it easily donates electrons
it only has 1–2 electrons in the valence shell
it is negatively charged
Answer: a. it lacks only 1–2 electrons in the valence shell
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15. Water, H2O, is a polar molecule
Water, H2O, is a polar molecule. Oxygen is electronegative and hydrogen is electropositive. This means that __________.
each hydrogen pulls electrons away from oxygen and becomes more negative
the electrons are shared equally
the oxygen pulls electrons away from hydrogen and becomes more negative
the oxygen pulls electrons away from hydrogen and becomes more positive
Answer: c. the oxygen pulls electrons away from hydrogen and becomes more negative
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16. Hydrogen bonds are similar to ionic bonds because __________.
they both are due to opposite charge attractions
they both occur between like charged atoms
they both form molecules
they are both very strong bonds
Answer: a. they both are due to opposite charge attractions
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17. In a chemical reaction, ___________ join to form __________.
products; reactants
molecules; atoms
formulas; products
reactants; products
Answer: d. reactants; products
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18. Water's unique properties like high heat capacity, high heat of vaporization, and universal solvent can be attributed to its __________.
oxygen atom
ability to form hydrogen bonds
hydrogen atoms
small size
Answer: b. ability to form hydrogen bonds
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19. When chemical equilibrium is reached, __________.
no further net change in the amounts of reactants and products occurs
more reactants are converted to products in the forward direction
the chemical reaction no longer occurs
more products are converted to reactants in the reverse direction
Answer: a. no further net change in the amounts of reactants and products occurs
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20. What will be the effect on a chemical reaction if the concentration of reactants is increased?
The speed of the reaction will slow.
The speed of the reaction will increase.
The speed of the reaction will remain unchanged.
The reaction will now require a catalyst.
Answer: b. The speed of the reaction will increase.
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21. A substance that is very acidic may have a pH of 1 or 2
A substance that is very acidic may have a pH of 1 or 2. This means that the acidic substance __________.
has a high concentration of OH– ions
has an equal concentration of OH– and H+ ions
has a low concentration of H+ ions
has a high concentration of H+ ions
Answer: d. has a high concentration of H+ ions
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22. A buffer will release H+ ions if the blood pH __________.
rises (becomes more basic)
falls (becomes more acidic)
stays the same
becomes neutral
Answer: a. rises (becomes more basic)
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23. The four major organic compounds that comprise our bodies are __________.
water, salt, carbon, oxygen
proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids
amino acids, fats, sugars, DNA
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
Answer: b. proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids
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24. The major function of carbohydrates in the body is __________.
protein synthesis
as cellular fuel
being a genetic blueprint
forming the basis of the cell membrane bilayer
Answer: b. as cellular fuel
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25. Which type of reaction occurs when biological molecules are broken down?
Hydrolysis
Anabolic
Dehydration synthesis
Endergonic
Answer: a. Hydrolysis
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26. The three major subclasses of lipids include phospholipids, steroids, and __________.
fatty acids
glycerols
triglycerides
oils
Answer: c. triglycerides
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27. The major building blocks for proteins are __________.
amino acids
monosaccharides
triglycerides
nucleotides
Answer: a. amino acids
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28. Functions of proteins do not include acting as __________.
membrane receptors
genes
enzymes
muscle cell components
Answer: b. genes
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29. The quaternary level of protein structure involves __________.
individual amino acids
aggregations of polypeptides forming a complex protein
alpha-helices
hydrogen bonds between adjacent amino acids
Answer: b. aggregations of polypeptides forming a complex protein
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30. An enzyme's ____________ is the molecule upon which an enzyme acts.
active site
substrate
inhibitor
catalyst
Answer: b. substrate
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31. Increasing the concentration of an enzyme's substrate (up to a point) would ___________ the reaction.
slow down
speed up
inhibit
destroy
Answer: b. speed up
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32. The major building blocks of nucleic acids are __________.
amino acids
DNA and RNA
nucleotides
sugars
Answer: c. nucleotides
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33. The four DNA nucleotides are __________.
carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen
protein, lipid, nucleic acid, carbohydrate
primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary
adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine
Answer: d. adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine
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34. Which of the following is not a metabolic function of ATP?
Providing energy for anabolic reactions
Providing energy to transport substances across membranes
Providing energy for diffusion
Providing energy for muscles to shorten
Answer: c. Providing energy for diffusion
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