1. Topic 1-FAQ’s

2. macromolecules

3. Proteins
Monomer:
Polymer:

4. What are the 3 parts of an amino acid?
A. Amino Group
B. Carboxyl Group
C. “R” Group
D. All of the above?

5. Answer: D

6. Enzymes Made up of proteins
Biological Catalysts-speed up rate of reactions for living things
Do this by lowering activation energy
Example: lactase
Unchanged by rxn
Lactase breaks down lactose. What would happen if it wasn’t there? Would have to WAIT for it to be broken down-and people who are lactose intolerant-does it happen quickly?

7. Enzymes Shape is REALLY important Active site + substrate must match
Enzymes stop working if:
pH is altered
Temperature is altered

8. What are enzymes? Lipids needed for storing fat
Proteins that act as biological catalysts
Nucleic acids used for storing genetic information
Carbohydrates needed for quick energy

9. Answer: B

10. How do enzymes act as catalysts?
They speed up the rate of a reaction by lowering activation energy
They slow down the rate of a reaction by increasing activation energy
They speed up the rate of a reaction by increasing the activation energy
They slow down the rate of a reaction by lowering the activation energy

11. Answer: A

12. If the temperature of an enzyme is drastically increased, what will happen?
It will continue working
It will eventually stop working, because it will change shape or become denatured
It will stop working because its substrate (or what it is working on) will break down
It will rapidly speed up the reaction

13. Answer: B

14. Lipids Monomer: Fatty acids and glycerol
Examples: fats, oils, cholesterol, waxes
Primary component of cell wall
Storage of long term energy

15. What is a fatty acid? The monomer of a lipid
A long chain of carbons and hydrogens
Can be saturated or unsaturated
All of the above

16. Answer: D

17. Nucleic Acids
Monomer: Nucleotide-3 parts
Elements: CHOPN

18. Nucleic Acids Role for living things: storage of genetic information
Examples: DNA, RNA

19. What is DNA made of?
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids

20. Answer: D

21. What elements do nucleic acids contain?
CHO
CHOSN
CHOPN

22. Answer: C

23. What is the role of nucleic acids for living things?
Speed up the rate of reactions
Storing genetic information
Storing of energy
Structure

24. Answer: B

25. Carbohydrates Monomer: monosaccharides (simple sugars)
Polymer: polysaccharide (ex. starch)
Energy source

26. Carbo Hydrate
Formula:
C6H12O6
Divide by six:
C H2O

27. What is the polymer of a carbohydrate?
Monosaccharide
Polysaccharide
Nucleic Acid
Amino Acid

28. Answer: B

29. Chemistry Bond-how two atoms are held together
Ionic bond-transfer of elections (weak)
Covalent bond-sharing of elections (strong)

30. Importance of carbon?
Carbon has 4 electrons in its outermost shell, which means it can make 4 covalent bonds
This allows it to make huge complex structures that make up living things (carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids)

31. Organic Molecules Have Carbon and Hydrogen
All living things are made up of organic molecules (proteins, carbs, lipids, nucleic acids)

32. Which of the following is matched up correctly:
Ionic bond-sharing of electrons
Covalent bond-sharing of electrons
Ionic bond-strong
Covalent bond-weak

33. Answer: B

34. What about carbon makes it great at making large complex molecules?
Its ability to make 4 covalent bonds
Its ability to make 4 ionic bonds
The fact it has neutrons
The fact it has protons

35. Answer: A

36. Dehydration Synthesis
Losing a water molecule to join two monomers to make a polymer
Aka polymer synthesis

37. Hydrolysis
Splitting a water molecule to break a bond

38. The linking of two monomers by losing a water molecule is
Polymerization
Hydrolysis
Dehydration synthesis
Both A and C

39. Answer: D

40. Polar vs. Non Polar Polar Non polar Electrons favor one side
Ex: water (H end more positive, O end more negative)
Electrons evenly dispersed

41. Hydrogen Bonds Hydrogen-positively charged
Bonds with negatively charged atoms

42. Important properties of H2O
Cohesion
Adhesion
High specific heat
Universal Solvent
Density

43. Why is water a polar molecule?
Its electrons are evenly distributed
Its oxygen end is really positive
Its hydrogen end is more positive than the oxygen end
Its hydrogen end is more negative than the oxygen end

44. Answer: C

45. In the diagram, why is the hydrogen attracted to the oxygen?
It is forming a hydrogen bond because the positive hydrogen is attracted to the negative oxygen
It is forming an ionic bond
It is forming a covalent bond

46. Answer: A