Third Geneva Convention (1949) The Geneva Conventions refers to four treaties (1864, 1906, 1929, and 1949) establishing international law on humane treatment during warfare of … Civilians Wounded POW Applies to all nations agreeing to the treaty

Third Geneva Convention (1949) Take five minutes to read sections of the handout … “What stands out to you?” “What is emphasized regarding the treatment of prisoners of war by this document?” Why is this important?? A major presidential candidate has made this an issue.

Third Geneva Convention (1949) The document “Convention III relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War,” was revised in 1949, generally called the 3rd Geneva Convention. Requires … “Humane” treatment of prisoners Wounded and sick to be cared for

Studying U. S. diplomatic agreements (conferences), the U. N Studying U.S. diplomatic agreements (conferences), the U.N., and the Third Geneva Convention … [1] What does the United States want to accomplish in the world?

Read Chapter 15, Section One, “The Beginning of the Cold War,” pages 636-641, answering … [1] United States citizens believed in … [2] The Soviet “satellite states” … [3] The Truman Doctrine … [4] The Marshall Plan …

How did WWII change the world? (politically and economically) In a word, “Chaos” and a desire for “Consensus” Promote values of “democracy,” “global capitalism,” “free trade,” and “stability.” International Agreements GATT United Nations ** Handout Geneva Conventions (1949) ** Handout

WWII and Post-WWII Economic Consensus Bretton Woods Conference (1944) International Monetary Fund (1945) World Bank (1945) $$$$ - U.S. dollar GATT (1948) – General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade Reducing tariffs, moving towards free trade

(1) How did the Cold War develop between the United States and the Soviet Union?

Ideological Differences: Command Economics / Communism - Communism supports one-party political rule - Within communism (command economies), the government determines what is produced and the price of goods - Communist systems generally support censorship or limiting citizen’s availability to media - Communism limits personal freedoms and supports totalitarianism Capitalism / Democracy Democracy supports multiple political parties and elections Capitalism supports the free market, meaning prices rise and fall depending upon supply and demand Democracies generally support freedom of the media Democracy supports individual freedoms

The Cold War (1945 – 1989) “Truman’s Containment” - [1] The policy of preventing the expansion of communism to other areas of the world - [2] Avoid direct confrontation w/ U.S.S.R. - [3] Using ground troops and avoiding nuclear threats

Cold War Begins Post-WWII Alliances (1949) NATO – North Atlantic Treaty organization U.S., Canada, European countries (1954) Warsaw Pact – alliance of Soviet satellite states

Cold War Begins (1945 – 1990) Truman Doctrine, March, 1947 Economic aid for military support to stop the spread of Communism Marshall Plan, April, 1948 $13 Billion in economic aid; money has to be spent on U.S. goods Economic aid to rebuild Europe Berlin Airlift, June, 1948 Emergency food and aid to people of West Berlin

TRUMAN AND CONTAINMENT IN EUROPE The Marshall Plan (1947) George C. Marshall National Security Act of 1947 Department of Defense Air Force Central Intelligence Agency National Security Council Carnes & Garrity The American Nation 12e

“The Chinese Civil War” (1949) “The Chinese Civil War” (1949) ** Read, Pages 642-643, “Why did the Communists win?” Mao Zedong vs. Chiang Kai-shek The Peoples Republic of China “Taiwan” or the Republic of China

United States Occupation of Japan (1945 – 1952) Read the handout and highlight answers to the questions.

(Handout) United States Occupation of Japan (1945 – 1952) Major changes to Japanese society: (1) Article 9 - "Peace Clause“ the Japanese government must renounce war and banned the military (2) Democracy, w/ men and women voting (3) Emperor made a figurehead; power transferred to the people (4) Japan’s economy rebuilt & people fed

“Domino Theory” in Asia The idea that “if one nation falls to communism, its neighboring countries will also fall under communist rule.” Korean War (1950-53) Vietnam War (1955-1975)

Another Important Cold War Alliance Different major ally in East Asia .. 1949 – Communist China U.S. Occupation of Japan SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization) (1954) Involves the countries of Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, the Philippines, and Australia Martin, America and Its Peoples 5e

Why was the Korean War (1950-53) fought? How can the Korean War be viewed as a test of President Truman’s containment policy?

* Concept of “Limited War” * The Korean War (1950 – 53) Pgs. – 644 – 646: U.S. involvement … Inchon landing … “Limited war” … Outcomes of the war … * Concept of “Limited War” *

The Korean War (1950 – 53) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t44SbOyjEUM Based upon the perspective of the historian, why was the Korean War worth the cost in American lives?

* Concept of “Limited War” * The Korean War (1950 – 53) * Concept of “Limited War” *

General Douglas MacArthur North & South Korea established after WWII … Korean War begins when North attacks South … Gen. MacArthur fired when he publicly disagrees with the president … DMZ established after the end of Korean War …