1. 10-1: The Early Cold War

2. Thematic Learning Objectives
WOR 2.0 Analyze the reasons for and results of U.S. diplomatic, economic, and military initiatives in North America and overseas.
WXT 2.0 Explain how patterns of exchange, markets, and private enterprise have developed, and analyze ways that governments have responded to economic issues.

3. Key Concept
The United States responded to an uncertain and unstable postwar world by asserting and working to maintain a position of global leadership, with far- reaching domestic and international consequences.

4. Overview U.S. in position of global leadership Cold War marked by:
Direct confrontation
Indirect confrontation
Détente
Debates over acceptable means for pursuing international goals

5. Post-WWII Diplomacy End of the war exposed ideological differences
How do we view the world?
West—capitalist democracies
East—communism
Beginnings of Cold War
Decades-long power struggle between the U.S. and USSR
USSR first nuclear test in 1949

6. Containment in Europe Soviet Satellite States, 1947
“Iron Curtain”
Foreign policy designed to block Soviet expansion
Assumed USSR would back down in face of opposition
Truman Doctrine
U.S. would support “free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugations by armed minorities or by outside pressures”

7. Containment in Europe Marshall Plan
Economic aid ($12 billion) to war-torn Europe
Promote socio-economic recovery
Limit communist influence (containment)
In return, countries expected to be U.S. allies
Aid to Greece (civil war) and Turkey (Soviet trade interference)

8. Beginnings of the Cold War
NATO vs. the Warsaw Pact
Defensive military alliances
U.S. breaking from isolationist tradition in favor of collective security
Partition of Germany
West Germany unified
USSR cut access to West Berlin
Berlin Airlift, 1947

9. The Cold War in Asia China $2 billion in U.S. aid (like Marshall Plan)
Communist Revolution and the rise of Mao
Loss of nationalist China—defeat of containment
U.S. non-recognition
Continued anti- communist hysteria

10. The Cold War in Asia Korean War, 1950-1953
North Korean invasion of the South
Unanimous UN condemnation of North Korea
USSR absence—no veto power
War fought with UN approval, unlike in Vietnam
Containment extended to Asia
After “loss” of China, Truman determined to defend South Korea

11. The Cold War in Asia Korean War, 1950-1953 Peace Agreement
UN support for South Koreans
Limited war
Chinese entry (Yalu River)
General Douglas MacArthur
Planned attack on China
Relieved of command
Peace Agreement
Armistice (cease-fire)
Pre-war boundaries