Energy performance and Carbon emissions Assessment and Monitoring tool Module 2: Setting the Scene TRAINING WORKSHOP ECAM Tool: Energy performance and Carbon emissions Assessment and Monitoring tool

Overall WaCCliM objectives: RECALL What are the WaCCliM objectives? Overall WaCCliM objectives: Improving the carbon balance of water and wastewater utilities through the introduction of economically viable measures that reduce greenhouse gas emissions while maintaining or improving their services. Module 2: Setting the Scene

LEARNING OBJECTIVES Overall learning objectives of training: Interpret impacts of global warming Interrelate effects of climate change and performance of utilities  Recognize GHG emission sources within the urban water cycle Distinguish GHG adaptation and mitigation Explain why reducing GHG is beneficial for utilities locally and the water sector globally Module 2: Setting the Scene

CLIMATE CHANGE Climate change, also called global warming, refers to the rise in average surface temperatures on Earth. An overwhelming scientific consensus maintains that climate change is due primarily to the human activity. © ESA/NASA Module 2: Setting the Scene

2.3 CLIMATE CHANGE Climate change, also called global warming, refers to the rise in average surface temperatures on Earth. An overwhelming scientific consensus maintains that climate change is due primarily to the human activity. - Real severe impacts of CC haven’t started. - Risks rise from moderate to high between 1 and 1.6 degree With current policies global mean surface temperature is projected to increase by 3.6 to 4.9°C over the 21st century. (source climate action tracker 2017) - With todays commitments we are not projected to reach the 1.5 degree or not even the 2 degree target What are some of the impacts of climate change? Can any specific impacts be noticed in your country?  Without mitigation ACTIONS, global mean surface temperature is projected to increase by 3.7 to 4.8°C over the 21st century. Module 2: Setting the Scene

Water and CLIMATE, WHAT IS THE CONNECTION?  80% of climate change impacts are channeled through water Water is at the heart of climate change. Water is the primary medium through which the impacts of climate change will be felt. Relevant for utilites: it changes water quantitity and quality on the supply side but it will also alters the demand side - > the service provided. Module 2: Setting the Scene

2.3 Water and its Availability and Quality will be the Main Pressures on Societies Changing weather patterns Water quality Water quantity Ground- and surface water contamination, eutrophication, sedimentation Runoff, discharge, glacier melting, Increased risk of flooding and drought Module 2: Setting the Scene

TRENDS IN WATER - 2050 According to the World Economic Forum, water crises are ranked as the top global risk. About one third of the world’s population lives in water stressed areas. In 2030 half of the world’s population will live in water stressed regions Climate change poses an additional threat to water security Water demand is increasing Water runoff WEC: risk water crisis classified with high likelyhood and impact Module 2: Setting the Scene

2.3 THE IMPACT ON SOCIETIES CO2 Climate Change Economy Poverty Ecosystems Environmental health Livelihood Displacement Energy security Module 2: Setting the Scene

ADAPTATION AND MITIGATON 2.3 CLIMATE CHANGE- ADAPTATION AND MITIGATON Resilience Mitigation Adaptation Mitigation in water sector is also adaptation, plus other co-benefits. Climate Financing Module 2: Setting the Scene

2.3 Climate change negotiations – the Paris Agreement AND National Determined Contributions (NDCs) Parties to the UNFCCC agree to commit to a temperature rise of 2°C Developed countries to support developing countries Jordan NDC - reduce 14% of its GHG emissions until 2030. 12.5% with support Jordan Water sector Improving energy efficiency in water utilities Developing Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Policy for the Jordanian Water Sector starting with utilization of sludge and other biosolids to generate energy Introducing renewable energy as a source to supply water systems This slide presents an example of the targets as set in Jordan. Each country will have different targets. In general: The level of details given to Water actions in INDC is very uneven: some countries precisely detail their actions (eg Jordan, Moldova, Bolivia, Bangladesh, Morocco, Ivory Coast or Laos) whereas about thirty countries announce water as a priority area without mentioning which actions they seek to implement - No nation has reached the full implementation of the water sustainability and climate resilient water infrastructure as foreseen by the Agenda 2030 Uneven level details given to Water actions: some countries precisely detail actions, about 30 countries announce water as priority area without mentioning which actions they seek to implement. Module 2: Setting the Scene

2.3 WHY WATER UTILITIES? Global LOCAL The sustainable development goals (SDGs) and the agreement in Paris and Marrakesh, set high level goals to address Global Challenges by 2030. The water sector contributes to Greenhouse Gas emissions: Locally up to 10-20% of total emissions come from urban water from Energy, Methane and Nitrous Oxides National Determined Contributions (NDCs) specifically state water as an area for mitigation actions. A carbon neutral water sector would contribute over 20% of all Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). The 4 Gigatons CO2e of NDCs is not sufficient to meet the target. All sectors need to do more than what is being committed Module 2: Setting the Scene

URGENCY FOR ACTION Module 2: Setting the Scene

HOW DO UTILITIES BENEFIT? Reduced operational costs Less dependency on fluctuations of energy prices More efficient use of water resources Improve service levels Contribution to mitigation goals Module 2: Setting the Scene

CO-BENEFITS Improved energy efficiency and renewable energy Improved and cost efficient water services Improved environmental health 13 Effective Management Achieve climate targets Module 2: Setting the Scene

...Where can we expect the highest emissions? 1.3 URBAN WATER CYCLE In the Urban Water Cycle we can identify 2 Systems (drinking water and wastewater) and 6 stages (as indicated). ...Where can we expect the highest emissions? Module 2: Setting the Scene

LEARNING EXERCISE Where and what type of emissions do you expect? Characteristic for WaCCliM is the holistic approach. An example of how stages affect each other is .e.g. Leakage. If this is reduced in the distribution stage, less pumping will be needed in the abstraction stage, which consequently requires less electricity hence emissions etc. Module 2: Setting the Scene

RECAP Cause and impacts of climate change Link between climate change and water International targets and drivers Difference adaptation and mitigation (Co)Benefits for utilities and globally Module 2: Setting the Scene

REFERENCES Holistic Water Cycle indicating source of emissions Module 2: Setting the Scene