The Ottomans Build a Vast Empire

The Ottoman Empire

Turks Move Into Byzantium Many Anatolian Turks were ghazis- warriors for Islam Osman Followers called Ottomans Built Muslim state in Anatolia Modernized warfare allows them to continue to expand

The Ottomans Replaced archers with musket-carrying foot soldiers Used cannons in war

The Ottomans Osman’s son, Orhan I takes over Declares himself sultan- overlord, one with power 1361- capture Adrianople- 2nd most important city in Byzantine Empire

Powerful Sultans Spur Expansion Murad II takes over- Defeated Venetians, invaded Hungary, crushed Italian crusaders

Powerful Sultans Spur Expansion Mehmed II (Mehmed the Conqueror)- Wants Constantinople- controlled the Bosporus Strait- controls access from Asia to Balkans Used 26 foot guns firing 1200 pound boulders Dragged greased ships over hills into the harbor to attack

Powerful Sultans Spur Expansion Mehmed II takes over Constantinople Opens it to people of all backgrounds and religions City is rebuilt and is now called Istanbul

Ottomans Take Islam’s Holy Cities Selim the Grim- 1514- takes Mecca, Medina and Cairo

Suleyman the Lawgiver Known in West as Suleyman the Magnificent Captures Belgrade, Rhodes, dominated the eastern Mediterranean and invades Austria Waged war on Europe, North Africa and Central Asia Becomes the most powerful monarch in the world

Suleyman the Lawgiver Devshirme- sultan’s army drafted boys from people they conquered Janissaries- elite force of 30,000 who were loyal to the sultan only

Suleyman the Lawgiver Structuring society- Creates laws for criminal and civil actions Simplified and limited taxes Limited government bureaucracy In accordance with Islamic law- allowed freedom to worship to other religious groups

Suleyman the Lawgiver Art and literature flourish under him Loved to study poetry, history, geography, astronomy, math and architecture Builds Mosque of Suleyman Similar to the European Renaissance

The Empire Slowly Declines Suleyman killed his ablest son, drove another into exile and left his empire to Selim II Selim II is incompetent Sets stage for future sultans Had brothers strangled Kept sons prisoner, cutting them off from education or contact with the world