1. Ottoman Empire

2. ghazis Warriors for Islam.
Under the leadership of an emir, chief commander.
Followed strict Islamic code of conduct.
Raided those who did not believe in Islam.

3. Osman OSMAN: MOST SUCCESSFUL GHAZI. AKA OTHMAN.
FOLLOWERS BECAME KNOWN AS “OTTOMANS”.
Started on Anatolia Peninsula.
Military success was based on gunpowder. First people to use canons as offensive weapons.

4. Orkhan I
Orkan I: Osman’s son.
Declared himself “SULTAN”, MEANING “OVERLORD” OR “ONE WITH POWER”.
Captured Adrianople.

5. Timur the Lame Injured by an arrow in the leg.
Burned Baghdad to the ground.
Crushed Ottoman forces halting the expansion of the Ottoman Empire.
Moved on to China

6. After Timur the Lame. . . . First of four powerful sultans who
Civil war broke out among the 4 sons of the Ottoman Emperor
First of
four powerful
sultans who
expanded the
Ottoman Empire.
SON
Mehmed I
Murad II

7. Started the expansion of the Ottoman Empire.
Four Powerful Sultans
AT THE AGE OF 21, HE DECIDED HE WANTED CONTROL OF THE BOSPORUS STRAIT
“GIVE ME CONSTANTINOPLE!!”
Used Cannons:
26-feet long, 1,200 lb boulders
Huge Chain caused a HUGE PROBLEM. . .
SOLUTION:
Drag 70 ships over a hill on greased runners
Constantinople was now being attacked by two sides. . .they lasted 7 weeks.
This opened Constantinople to new citizens 1
SON 2
Murad II
Mehmed II
Started the expansion of the Ottoman Empire.

8. Four Powerful Sultans 3 Selim the Grim Then came Selim's son. . .
Mehmed’s Grandson
Effective ruler & general.
Defeated the Safavid’s at the Battle of Chaldrian
Then captured Mecca, Medina & Cairo.
Then came Selim's son. . .

9. Suleyman the Lawgiver/Magnificent
Four Powerful Sultans 4
Suleyman the Lawgiver/Magnificent
Ruled for 46 Years.
Superb military leader.
Conquered
Belgrade, Rhodes, Tripoli, North Africa, Hungary & Austria.
MOST POWERFUL MONARCH ON EARTH!!!!!

10. Suleyman the Lawgiver/Magnificent
Four Powerful Sultans 4
Suleyman the Lawgiver/Magnificent
Created a law code to handle both criminal & civil actions.
Simplified taxation & reduced government bureaucracy.

11. Suleyman the Lawgiver/Magnificent
Four Powerful Sultans 4
Suleyman the Lawgiver/Magnificent
20,000 slaves were part of devshirme system.
Sultan’s army drafted boys from the peoples of conquered Christian territories, educated them, converted them to Islam & trained them as soldiers.
Janissaries: elite force of 30,000 soldiers trained to be loyal to the sultan ONLY.

12. Suleyman the Lawgiver:
Law code outlined penalties for various criminal acts.
He tried to reduce bribes.
He did not allow imprisonment without a trial.
He rejected promotions that were not based on merit.

13. Sinan & the Mosque of Suleyman

14. What were the advantages of the devshirme system to the sultan?
The sultan had a loyal force
that was highly trained and
able to run and defend his empire.

15. Christian and Jewish nations {under control of the Ottomans}
What is a "millet"?
Christian and Jewish nations
{under control of the Ottomans}
who were allowed to follow their
own religious laws and practices.

16. mathematics, & architecture.
What were some of
Suleyman's cultural
achievements?
Poetry, history,
geography, astronomy,
mathematics, & architecture.

17. Which cultural achievements of Suleyman's reign were similar
to the European Renaissance?
Flowering architecture,
art & literature.

18. Religious Views:
Tolerant of all
"People of the Book"
{Christians & Jews}