1. 18.1 Questions

2. Time Period and Geography

3. Ghazis
Warriors of Islam
Osman
Military societies under an emir

4. 2. Osman’s Followers
Ottomans
Turkish in background at first

5. 3. Ottoman Success
Gunpowder
Archers replaced w/ muskets

6. 4. Sultan Overlord, one with power Think autocrat
Orkhan I, Osman’s son coined term

7. 5. Conquered People Treated well Local officials under sultan
Improved peasant life
Muslims= army, non-Muslim=taxes

8. 6. Mehmed II Constantinople Istanbul City population was low
Opened borders to many religions and ethnicities
Sparked social, economic, and cultural growth

9. 7. Selim the Grim Mecca, Medina, and Cairo
Syria, Palestine, and North Africa

10. 8. Peak Leader Suleyman the Lawgiver 1520-1566
Suleyman the Magnificent in West
Cultural achievements

11. 9. Suleyman Conquers Belgrade (Europe), Tripoli (NA) Mediterranean
Coastal regions of North Africa
Waged war with Africa, Asia, and Europe

12. 10. Suleyman’s Society Law code for criminals and civil actions
Simplified taxes
Reduced bureaucracy
“Lawgiver”

13. 11. Devshirme System
Sultan’s army drafted boys from conquered Christian territories
Educated, converted to Islam, trained
Slave system

14. 12. Janissaries
Soldiers loyal only to Sultan
30,000 elite soldiers

15. 13. Millet System “Nations” within empire open to religious freedom
Requirement of Islam
Millets had to report to Sultan
Could have own religious laws and practices

16. 14. Sinan’s Masterpiece
Mosque of Suleyman

17. 15. Sultan System Failure Practice of sultan having brothers strangled
Weak rulers
Limit sons

18. Turkey Today Turkish Issues