Nationalism and Sectionalism in the Economy and Society Objective 2.03

Technological Advances Caused more sectionalism b/c it helped to bring on the 1st Industrial Revolution Samuel Morse perfected the telegraph in 1832 by developing the Morse code Eli Whitney popularized interchangeable parts

Expansion of slavery

Cotton gin

The Cotton Belt by 1850

Technological Advances for the South and West John Deere developed a plow in 1837 that cut cleanly allowing for labor time in fields to be lowered Cyrus McCormick patented a mechanical reaper in 1834, allowing more harvesting of grain with less effort

Advances in Water Transportation Robert Fulton stunned the nation when the Clermont, a steamboat, traveled up the Hudson River from NYC to Albany in 32 hours Success of steamboat brought many canals, the Erie Canal was completed in 1825.

Advances on Land Roads and turnpikes were being built as early as 1811 Railroads appear in the early 1800s. They helped to: Transport settlers west Expand trade between the nations different regions

National Road et al.

Cotton Kingdom South was still relying on the Plantation System Cotton gin allowed the South to produce cotton much faster and keep up with the industrial markets in North and Europe

Cotton Kingdom cont. Slave women worked along w/ men in fields, maintained homes, and raised families By age of 8, slave children were expected to work

Industrial North Produced textiles at an extremely fast rate with the factory system. Growing numbers of immigrants to North provided for cheap labor. Women and children worked in factories.

Slater’s factory

Lowell Mills

Industrial North cont. Many who were farmers in the North fled to cities to work in industry Middle and upper class that lived in cities now migrated to outskirts Middle and upper class men supported families while women ran the households and raised the children

Industrial North cont. Although most African Americans in North were free, they were not given same rights They were usually segregated and not allowed to vote Riots over jobs often occurred between African Americans and poor whites

Nativism The hostility towards foreigners by those already in an area Catholics were targeted against the most Groups were formed to push for laws banning immigrants and Catholics from holding office

American Party July 1854-Nativists formed the American Party Membership was secret and when a member was asked about the party his response would be “I know nothing” Party was nicknamed the “Know-Nothings”