Mexico and South America become independent

Creoles Lead Independence in Venezuela, Argentina, and Mexico Background on Creoles Could not hold public office They were well educated (Enlightenment Ideas) 1810, rebellion broke out Creoles opposed the Napoleon’s appointment of his brother as king of Spain Two Important Generals Simon Bolivar (Venezuelan) Jose de San Martin (Argentinean)

Venezuela’s Independence Bolivar’s Victory Declared Venezuela’s independence in 1811 Was not accepted immediately 1819, led over 2,000 soldiers on a march through the Andes into Colombia. He won. 1821, won Venezuela’s independence. Then marched south to Ecuador where he met Jose de San Martin. Venezuela’s Independence

Argentina’s Independence San Martin leads Southern Liberation Forces Declared Argentina’s independence in 1816. 1817 freed Chile. 1821, met with Bolivar to help drive the Spanish forces out of Peru. San Martin left his army for Bolivar to command. Significant because with a unified army, Bolivar is able to defeat the Spanish at the Battle of Ayacucho. Latin America won their freedom.

Gran Columbia Bolivar’s Dream Oh well

Mexico Ends Spanish Rule 1810, Miguel Hidalgo issued a rebellion against the Spanish Uprising alarmed the Spanish army and the creoles Army defeated Hidalgo in 1811. Rebels rallied around another leader – Jose Maria Morelos. Morelos led the revolution for four years. Defeated in 1815.

Mexico Ends Spanish Rule Mexico’s Independence 1820, revolution in Spain put a liberal group in power As a result, Mexico’s creoles united to support Mexico’s independence from Spain. Augustin de Iturbide proclaimed independence in 1821 same guy that defeated the last rebellion Becomes King of Mexico Penensularies driven out creoles take top spot in social hierarchy Little changes for lower classes Mexico Ends Spanish Rule

Brazil’s Independence 1807, Napoleon’s armies invaded both Spain and Portugal Royal family fled to Brazil After Napoleon’s defeat the government returned to Portugal Dom Pedro, King John’s son stayed behind in Brazil. 1822, creoles demanded Brazil’s independence from Portugal. Brazilians sign a petition asking Dom Pedro to rule He agreed and he officially declared Brazil independent in 1822 through a bloodless revolution Brazil last county to outlaw slavery due to lack of social upheaval (1888)

Class Discussion What similarities did the Latin American Revolutions Share? I what ways did the revolutions differ?