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Lecture 13 MINERALS

OUTLINE OF LECTURE 13 MINERALS OVERALL-SOME GENERAL COMMENTS MAJOR MINERALS - ELECTROLYTES AND NON-ELECTROLYTES -SOURCES AND FUNCTIONS -IDATME MINOR MINERALS-SOURCES AND

OUTLINE OF LECTURE 13 MINERALS-DEFICIENCIES AND TOXICITIES MINERAL SUPPLEMENTS MINERALS AS ANTIOXIDANTS

MINERALS-SOME GENERAL COMMENTS   SINGLE ATOMS CAN BE CHARGED OR UNCHARGED IN THE BODY MAJOR -ARE FOUND IN THE BODY IN EXCESS OF 5 GRAMS -ELECTROLYTES AND MINERALS MINOR- ARE FOUND IN THE BODY IN AMOUNTS OF LESS THAN 5 GRAMS

MINERALS- GENERAL COMMENTS CONTINUED MOST ESSENTIAL- WE CANNOT MAKE THEM -SOME DEFICIENCIES HAVE NOT BEEN ESTABLISHED FOR SOME MINOR MINERALS MAKING IT UNCLEAR WHETHER THEY ARE NEEDED IN THE DIET

WHAT ARE THE MAJOR MINERALS ? ELECTROLYTES IN PART RESPONSIBLE FOR FLUID BALANCE IN BODY   SODIUM, POTASSIUM AND CHLORIDE MAJOR MINERALS   CALCIUM, PHOSPHOROUS, MAGNESIUM AND SULPHUR

SODIUM   FUNCTION-fluid and electrolyte balance, pH control, muscle function, nerve impulse transmission SOURCES-processed foods

POTASSIUM   FUNCTION-fluid and electrolyte balance, pH control, muscle function, nerve impulse transmission SOURCES-fruits, vegetables, whole grains

CHLORIDE   FUNCTION-fluid and electrolyte balance, part of stomach acid SOURCES-same as sodium

CALCIUM   FUNCTION-bone and teeth formation, blood clotting, nerve transmission, muscle function, blood pressure SOURCES –dairy, fortified orange juice, green leafy vegetables, small fish with bones

PHOSPHOROUS   FUNCTION-bone and teeth formation, pH control, regulation of coenzyme function SOURCES-all animal products, bread and ready to eat cereal

MAGNESIUM   FUNCTION- bone formation, nerve transmission, protein and carbohydrate metabolism (enzyme activity) SOURCES-green leafy vegetables, nuts, whole grains, seafood, chocolate

SULPHUR   FUNCTION-protein structure, component of biotin, thiamin and insulin SOURCES-all protein foods

MAJOR MINERALS-IDATME INGESTION- ORAL, TUBE, INTRAVENOUS DIGESTION – NOT BROKEN DOWN   ABSORPTION-ACTIVE TRANSPORT TRANSPORT-FREE OR BOUND FREE- EXAMPLES SODIUM AND ALL OTHER MAJOR MINERALS (EXCEPT SULPHUR) BOUND - SODIUM CHLORIDE -POTASSIUM CHLORIDE -SULPHUR-INSULIN

MAJOR MINERALS-IDATME   METABOLISM- ALL READY IN CORRECT FORM-MINERALS IN =MINERALS OUT EXCRETION- SWEAT, URINE, FAECES

AND NOW ONTO MINOR MINERALS  

IRON   FUNCTIONS- OXYGEN TRANSPORT- BLOOD AND MUSCLE SOURCES-RED MEATS, TOFU, BREAD

ZINC   FUNCTIONS-TISSUE GROWTH AND WOUND HEALING, PART OF MANY ENZYMES IN ENERGY AND NUCLEIC ACID METABOLISM IMMUNE FUNCTION, VITAMIN A TRANSPORT, INSULIN FUNCTION SOURCES-MEAT, FISH, POULTRY, BEANS

IODINE FUNCTIONS-PART OF THYROID HORMONES THAT REGULATE GROWTH DEVELOPMENT AND METABOLIC RATE   SOURCES-SEAFOOD, IODIZED SALT, BREAD

  SELENIUM FUNCTIONS-ANTIOXIDANT SOURCES-SEAFOOD, LIVER, GRAINS FROM SELENIUM RICH SOIL

COPPER FUNCTIONS-HEMOGLOBIN FORMATION, PART OF SEVERAL ENZYMES, USED IN ENERGY METABOLISM   SOURCES-ORGAN MEATS, SEAFOOD, NUTS

MANGANESE   FUNCTIONS-PART OF ENZYMES IN FAT SYNTHESIS, GROWTH, AND BLOOD CLOTTING SOURCES -WIDELY DISTRIBUTED IN FOODS

FLUORIDE FUNCTIONS-TOOTH ENAMEL MAINTENANCE, RESISTANCE TO DENTAL DECAY,BONE FORMATION AND INTEGRITY SOURCES-FLUORIDATED WATER(NATURAL OR OTHERWISE, TEA)  

CHROMIUM   FUNCTIONS-CO-FACTOR FOR INSULIN SOURCES-MEAT, WHOLE GRAIN, NUTS,CHEESE

MOLYBDENUM   FUNCTIONS-COMPONENT OF MANY ENZYMES- WORKS WITH RIBOFLAVIN TO INCORPORATE IRON INTO HEMOGLOBIN SOURCES –MILK, LEGUMES, BREAD, GRAINS

MINOR MINERALS-IDATME INGESTION- ORAL, TUBE, INTRAVENOUS DIGESTION – NOT BROKEN DOWN   ABSORPTION-ACTIVE, FACILITATED AND OCCASIONALLY SIMPLE TRANSPORT-FREE – RARE- E.G. IODINE -BOUND- VERY COMMON- MOSTLY PROTEIN E.G. IODINE, IRON

MINOR MINERALS   METABOLISM- TO CORRECT FORM AS REQUIRED EXCRETION- SWEAT, URINE, FAECES

MINERAL TOXICITIES AND DEFICIENCIES NOT LIKELY IF ONE IS FOLLOWING A PROPER TRAINING DIET PROPER TRAINING DIET GIVES SUFFICIENT MINERALS MINERALS AND THE MACRONUTRIENTS THEY METABOLISE OR PROTECT FREQUENTLY COME IN A PACKAGE

MINERAL TOXICITIES AND DEFICIENCIES DEFICIENCY-LOSS OF FUNCTION TOXICITY –METABOLIC INTERFERENCE

THUS THERE IS AN INTEGRATION OF SOURCE, FUNCTION, DEFICIENCY AND TOXICITY REMEMBER THAT SOURCE CAN INCLUDE SUPPLEMENTS INCLUDING PILLS

MINERAL SUPPLEMENTS- WASTE OF TIME AND MONEY- NEED MORE MINERALS MINERAL SUPPLEMENTS- WASTE OF TIME AND MONEY- NEED MORE MINERALS? – EAT MORE FOOD

MORE CARBS, PROTEINS AND LIPIDS IN THE DIET MORE MINERALS IN THE DIET CONTAINING THE CARBS, PROTEINS AND LIPIDS TO ASSIST WITH THE METABOLISM OF THE CARBS, PROTEINS AND LIPIDS. EVERYTHING IS INTEGRATED IT IS A PACKAGE DEAL!!

MINERALS AS ANTIOXIDANTS COPPER ZINC SELENIUM

VITAMIN TOXICITIES AND DEFICIENCIES SLIDE ON INCREASING VITAMINS WITH INCREASED CALORIES

NOTE THE COOPERATION BETWEEN MINERALS

SUMMARY OF LECTURE 13 MINERALS OVERALL-SOME GENERAL COMMENTS MAJOR MINERALS - ELECTROLYTES AND NON-ELECTROLYTES -SOURCES AND FUNCTIONS -IDATME MINOR MINERALS-SOURCES AND

SUMMARY OF LECTURE 13 MINERALS-DEFICIENCIES AND TOXICITIES MINERAL SUPPLEMENTS MINERALS AS ANTIOXIDANTS

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