1. Note Final Exam-please check final schedule Diet technician and dietitian positions anita.binder@compass-canada.com

2. Note Nutrition 2106-Principles of Nutrition in Metabolism-Winter 2016 Nutrition 2104-Introduction to Nutrition Fall 2015 Nutrition 2107-Introduction to Sports Nutrition- Winter 2016

3. Lecture 28 17 March 2015 Major Minerals

4. Lists of sources, functions, deficiencies and toxicities are not complete

5. Minerals in general -inorganic elemental atoms or ions -mineral in is mineral out -micronutrients- required in milligram or microgram amounts

6. Minerals in general -animal foods are more reliable sources of minerals than plants -there in required proportions in animals including us -major minerals occur in our body in amounts of > 5 grams -minor minerals occur in our body in amounts of < 5 grams

7. Major minerals -electrolytes (Na, K, Cl) -non-electrolytes (Ca, P, Mg, S)

8. Sodium -functions-fluid and electrolyte balance, nerve and muscle function -sources-table salt and many processed foods -deficiency-rare except with diarrhea and vomiting -toxicity- rare as most is excreted from body -increased blood pressure in sodium sensitive persons

9. Potassium -functions- fluid and electrolyte balance, nerve and muscle function -sources-fruits vegetables and legumes, grains, meats -deficiency-nerve and muscle functioning loss -toxicity-muscular weakness, vomiting

10. Chloride -functions-fluid and electrolyte balance, part of stomach acid -sources-same as sodium -deficiency-rare- secondary to vomiting and diarrhea -toxicity- vomiting - hypertension in chloride sensitive people

11. Calcium -function- bone and teeth formation, nerve and muscle function -sources-milk and milk products, fortified orange juice, green leafy veggies -deficiency-impaired growth, osteoporosis -toxicity- constipation, kidney stones, impaired iron absorption

12. Phosphorous -functions-bone and teeth formation, energy metabolism, assist with enzyme function -sources-all animal products, bread, ready to eat cereal -deficiency-rare-weakness and bone pain -toxicity-low blood calcium

13. Magnesium -functions-bone formation, nerve and muscle function, carbohydrate metabolism -sources-green leafy veggies, nuts, legumes, whole grains, seafood -deficiency-weakness, confusion, growth failure in children -toxicity-rare-nausea, vomiting and low blood pressure

14. Sulphur -functions-gives shape to proteins, part of biotin and thiamine and insulin -sources-all protein foods -deficiency-unknown -toxicity-in animals it impairs growth, nothing reported in humans but do not overconsume

15. Mineral supplements Generally if one follows Canada four food groups and eats according to the principles of adequacy, balance, variety nutrient density, calorie control and moderation one will not need mineral supplements