What challenges did immigrants to the United States face and how did different immigrant groups contribute to society? How do recent attitudes and issues surrounding immigration compare with those of the period from 1865 to 1920? How did immigration and industrialization from 1865 to 1920influence the development of urban areas?

American Cultural background Since the settlement of North America, the United States has included people of diverse origins, including Native Americans, Africans, Asians, Europeans, and Hispanics. These people have brought with them cultural and religious traditions that have coalesced into the modern culture of the United States. Today, as in the past, the art, music, food, language, literature, clothing, and religious practices in the United States reflect the influences of the various groups that came to live in this country.

The United States since its inception has been a magnet for people from around the world, and yet each successive group has suffered discrimination from those who had already arrived. Over time, these diverse peoples have to some extent learned to live together in a spirit of tolerance. Still, learning to appreciate our differences remains a pressing issue in the United States. How have people of differing religious, cultural, racial, and ethnic traditions struggled to live together as one people in a united nation?

URBANIZATION AND IMMIGRATION 1865-1920 Read chapter 15 and answer reading notes

READING NOTES American Letters Section 2 PUSH FACTORS – (leave a country) Population growth and HUNGER -population growth resulted in crowded cities ,lack of jobs, and food shortages 2. scarcity of arable land (farmland) RELIGIOUS Persecution POGROMS- organized anti Jewish attack that forced many Jews to leave Russia PULL FACTOR – Brings you into a country - One of the great pull factors for European immigrants was the idea of life in a free and democratic society American Letters

Section 3 7. ELLIS ISLAND IMMIGRATION STATION 8. Medical inspection 9. eye disease, incurable disease 10. 2% 11. Most immigrants stayed in the cities because this is where the jobs were. 12. Poor areas where housing was cheap. Settled among their home country.

SECTION 4 13. Immigrants were not welcomed because of lack of education, and poverty. 14. Immigrants received zero assistance from the govt. Aide- friends/relatives Aid society such as the settlement houses Churches Political bosses

15. EDUCATION was the main tool for assimilation into American society by the children of immigrants. 16. What are three reasons Americans disliked immigrants? 1. Religious reasons 2. Strange customs 3.labor unrest 17. Nativism is the policy favoring native born Americans over immigrants 18. What was the secret society called that opposed Irish Catholic immigration? KNOW NOTHINGS

SECTION 5 19. Chinese built railroads, worked in mines, agriculture 20. Chinese would work for less taking jobs from them. 21. prohibited Chinese laborers immigration, prevented Chinese from becoming citizens 22. where the Chinese arrivals went to be inspected

What do you see ? What is the message Of this cartoon?

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Conditions of Immigrants Discriminated against Religion Looks Language Cultural differences The new immigrants also tended to be urban dwellers and often settled in impoverished and crime-ridden areas, where disease and overcrowding were widespread.

JACOB RIIS – MUCKRAKER Riis exposed the poor living conditions of immigrants in his photographs, How the Other Half Lives: Studies Among the Tenements of New York (1890) The work focused public awareness on the problem of poverty in New York City. Riis believed that if people were made more aware of urban problems they would seek to eradicate them.