PHOTOSYNTHESIS & RESPIRATION

PHOTOSYNTHESIS The process by which plants use energy from sunlight (electromagnetic energy) to change and store it as Chemical energy in a molecule of glucose (a carbohydrate) Energy is stored in the bonds of the glucose molecule (C6H12O6) Occurs in the Chloroplast Contains chlorophyll – a light absorbing pigment

PHOTOSYNTHESIS REACTANTS Sunlight Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Water (H2O) Products Glucose (C6H12O6) Oxygen (O2) Equation Sun + 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2

PHOTOSYNTHESIS 2 Phases: Phase 1: Light reactions chlorophyll inside chloroplasts absorb light (electromagnetic) energy Electrons are moved to the electron carrier NADP+ to create NADPH Phase 2: Calvin Cycle 6 CO2 molecules along with ATP and the electrons from the NADPH molecules are used to build glucose

RESPIRATION The process by which cells break down glucose into a usable energy source (ATP is created) 2 main types Aerobic Respiration – occurs in the presence of O2 Anaerobic Respiration – occurs in the absence of O2

RESPIRATION Occurs mainly in the mitochondria Reactants Glucose (C6H12O6) Oxygen (O2) Products Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Water (H2O) ATP – Used for cell work (energy released as heat = thermal energy) Equation C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

AEROBIC RESPIRATION 3 Main Parts 1. Glycolysis The breakdown of glucose (6 C’s) into 2 molecules of Pyruvate (3 C’s) Occurs in the cytoplasm Produces 4 Total ATP molecules But 2 get used during this process

AEROBIC RESPIRATION 2. Krebs Cycle The breakdown of Pyruvate Produces 2 ATP Molecules 3. Electron Transport The final step in the break down of glucose Occurs in the mitochondria Produces a total of 30 ATP Total ATP produced in Aerobic Respiration = 36 Net ATP = 34 (2 were used in Glycolysis)

ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION 2 TYPES Lactic Acid Fermentation Pyruvate from Glycolysis is turned into Lactic Acid Produces 2 ATP Occurs in muscle cells when the body cannot supply enough oxygen Alcohol Fermentation Pyruvate is turned into ethyl alcohol Occurs in Yeast and some bacteria

Explain how photosynthesis and Respiration forms a cycle.