1. CELLULAR RESPIRATION Let’s take a look back!
Photosynthesis: light energy makes glucose (chemical energy)
Occurs only in plants or organisms with plastids like chlorophyll
Carbon dioxide is taken in
Oxygen is given off
Also requires light & H2O

2. CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Cellular Respiration: chemical process where carbohydrates are broken down to be a quick source of ATP
Location: mostly within Mitochondria, first part in cytoplasm
CPE (Food)  CPE (ATP)

3. CELLULAR RESPIRATION Two Types: 3 Stages: Aerobic: needs Oxygen
Anaerobic: does NOT need Oxygen
3 Stages:
Glycolysis
Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)
Electron Transport Chain

4. CELLULAR RESPIRATION 3 Stages: Glycolysis = ANAEROBIC
Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle) = AEROBIC
Electron Transport Chain = AEROBIC

5. CELLULAR RESPIRATION Glycolysis: means “breaks down glucose”
Occurs in cytoplasm
COSTS 2 ATPs to start reaction
Breaks glucose down to Pyruvic Acid (pyruvate) (goes to Krebs Cycle)
Makes total of 4 ATPs
At end of reaction, net of 2 ATP available to cell, and 2 NADH (energy carrier)
NOT EFFICIENT

6. CELLULAR RESPIRATION

7. STOP & REVIEW
1. What term is used to describe a process when no oxygen is needed?
1. Anaerobic
2. What term is used to describe a process when oxygen is needed?
2. Aerobic
3. Which of the three steps in cellular respiration happens without oxygen?
3. Glycolysis
4. Where does that process occur?
4. Cytoplasm (can prokaryotes carry out glycolysis)?
5. In this process, glucose is broken down into?
5. 2 Pyruvates
6. How many ATP are made by that process?
6. 2 ATP
7. What else is made in this process to run the next process?
7. 2 NADH

8. CELLULAR RESPIRATION Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)
Occurs in Mitochondria (matrix: space enclosed by inner membrane)
Aerobic
2 Cycles occur at same time (1 for each pyruvate)
Each cycle produces 1 ATP

9. CELLULAR RESPIRATION Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)
Yields (Produces):
2 Net ATP
8 NADH and 2 FADH2
Go to ETC
Carbon Dioxide
Released as waste

10. CELLULAR RESPIRATION

11. CELLULAR RESPIRATION Electron Transport Chain
-Takes place in and across inner membrane of mitochondria.
NADH from glycolysis & Krebs and FADH2 from Krebs unloads electrons at ETC. Energy used to make ATP.
Result: 32 ATP is made
H2O also made

12. STOP & REVIEW
1. What are the second and third steps called in cellular respiration?
1. Kreb’s Cycle, and the ETC
2. Are they aerobic or anaerobic?
2. Aerobic
3. Where do they occur?
3. In the Mitochondria
4. What 4 things are produced by the second step?
4. 2 ATP, CO2, NADH, FADH
5. What two things are produced in the final step?
5. 32 ATP & H2O
6. How many ATP total are made for the cell from the breakdown of one glucose molecule?
6. 36 ATP

13. CELLULAR RESPIRATION END RESULT:
36 ATP made from all 3 Stages
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Oxygen is final electron acceptor; water is formed
ADP is converted to ATP by adding phosphate group
But wait! What if there was not enough oxygen? Could cellular respiration still have taken place?

14. CELLULAR RESPIRATION
YES! Anaerobic Respiration or FERMENTATION takes place!

15. CELLULAR RESPIRATION FERMENTATION Both kinds only use GLYCOLYSIS
Lactic Acid
Alcoholic
Both kinds only use GLYCOLYSIS
How many ATPs does that mean they make?
2 net ATP

16. CELLULAR RESPIRATION Lactic Acid Fermentation Anaerobic
Produces burning feeling in muscle cells
Occurs when body worked to point that more oxygen being used than taken in
Produces LACTIC ACID and 2 ATP

17. CELLULAR RESPIRATION Alcoholic Anaerobic
Carried out by some bacteria and yeast
Used to bake bread and make wine
Produces CO2, Ethyl Alcohol, and 2 ATP

18. STOP AND REVIEW Where in the cell does fermentation take place?
Cytoplasm
Why does fermentation occur?
Not enough oxygen or no mitochondria
What organisms go through alcoholic fermentation?
Yeast and some bacteria
How many ATP does fermentation produce?
2 net ATP

19. Let us do some comparisons!
Photosynthesis vs. Cellular Respiration
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
Food synthesized
Food broken down
Energy from sun stored in glucose
Energy of glucose released
Carbon dioxide taken in
Carbon dioxide given off
Oxygen taken in
Oxygen given off
Produces CO2 and H2O
Produces sugars (CROSS OUT PGAL)
Does not require light
Requires light
Occurs only in presence of chlorophyll
Occurs in all living cells

20. Let us do some comparisons!
Fermentation vs. Cellular Respiration
Comparison of Fermentation to Cellular Respiration
Lactic Acid
Alcoholic
Cellular respiration
glucose
glucose
glucose
glycolysis (pyruvic acid)
glycolysis (pyruvic acid)
glycolysis (pyruvic acid)
carbon dioxide
carbon dioxide
lactic acid
alcohol
water
2 ATP
2 ATP
36 ATP

21. Check It!
The process by which mitochondria break down food molecules to produce ATP is called ________.
A. photosynthesis
B. cellular respiration
C. the light-independent reaction
D. the Calvin cycle

22. Check It!
The three stages of cellular respiration in order are ________.
A. Carbon fixation, the Calvin cycle, and the electron transport chain
B. glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain
C. glycolysis, the electron transport chain, and the citric acid cycle
D. the light-dependent reactions, the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain

23. Check it! Which of the following yields the greatest net ATP?
A. Lactic acid fermentation
B. Alcoholic fermentation
C. Calvin cycle
D. Cellular respiration

24. Overall Energy Transfers
CPE (Glucose) > CPE (ATP)

25. Equation for Cellular Respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O CO2 + 6H2O + 36ATP
Like the reverse of photosynthesis