Emergency Procedures Topic 2

Name all possible emergencies Heart Attack Stroke Internal Injury Breathing Problem Allergic Reaction Unconscious Head/Neck/Back Shock

Primary Survey Athlete Down… 1) Survey Scene 2) ABC’s 3) Call 911 **How quick is Primary Survey?

If not breathing… 1) Activate EMS (911) ASAP 2) Start CPR 3) Get AED

If breathing, but serious injury Monitor ABCs Keep Comfortable (cool, warm, bandage, splint, etc. Transport if needed (backboard) Note face mask- removed!

Secondary Survey 1) Vital Signs- check and monitor 2) Assessment of injury (ideally done in training room) Head to toe evaluation including medical history Wear Gloves for any blood/body fluids Treat Injury (bandage, ice, etc.) Still might need to go to ER, Doc, etc.

Vital Signs

Pulse Extension of heartbeat Determined at Carotid artery or Radial Normal Pulse 60-80 beats (some athletes lower) Signs of problems: Rapid/weak Rapid/Strong Strong/Slow

Blood Pressure Blood Pressure- instrument sphygmomanometer measures amount of force against arterial walls Systolic- when heart pumps normal 115-120 Diastolic-residual pressure in between beats. 75-80 (female 8-10 lower) Sign of problem BP

Respiration Normal breathing rate 12/1 minute Signs of Problems: Shallow Irregular Cough that produces Frothy Sputum (Blood)

Temperature Thermometer~ 98.6 Can also be detected by skin Signs of problems: Cool /clammy Hot /dry

Red Pale/ashen Blue~ Cyanosis (circulatory problem) Skin Color Red Pale/ashen Blue~ Cyanosis (circulatory problem)

Pupils~ Windows to Body (nervous system) Signs of Problems: Constricted Dilated Diplopia Uneven Response to light

Treating External Hemorrhage 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6)

Practice Vital Signs Read article and Demo AED Demo BP cuff Demo pen light Demo External hemorrhage (already done)

Referred Pain Pain in a different location then where the pain is originating Examples- (not a great example) but pain down left arm from Heart attack Kehr sign- pain in left shoulder from ruptured spleen Pain across lower back from kidney injury

Heat Illnesses- Prevention Acclimatization Clothing Fluid Hydration Weight Charts Sling Psychromoter Split Practice

Sling Psychrometer used to measure temp and relative humidity. Relative humidity effects the athletes ability to sweat

1) Heat Exhaustion vs Heat Stroke Dizzy disoriented Headache Unconscious Profuse Sweating Not Sweating Cool Clammy Skin Shallow Breathing Ashen or Pale skin Hot, Dry, Red Skin Regular Body temperature Body Temp increase Rapid, Weak Pulse Rapid Strong Pulse Uncoordinated Gait

Heat Illnesses TX Remove excess clothing 911!! Emergency Heat Exhaustion Heat Stroke Remove excess clothing 911!! Emergency Remove equipment Cool immediately- Give cold fluids (if possible) Ice bath/towels Get into cool place Cool location Cool with towels if drink- OK Seek medical attention TX for shock

Shock (can be fatal) Can come from any injury involving : pain, bleeding, internal trauma, fracture, or spinal injury During Shock- blood vessels vasodilate which leads to blood pooling – which deprived the brain and vital organs of oxygen Sign- rapid weak pulse Breathing rapid and shallow

Treat Shock Activate EMS Comfort person Control bleeding, splint, etc (ease pain) If possible elevate legs (blood flow to head), or elevate head if dizzy- whatever makes more comfortable Keep warm or cool

Athlete down prone- not moving (First Primary Survey, so EMS is on way and AED) Assume Spine injury unless ruled out If not breathing and unconscious- Log Roll (clip face mask in FB), start CPR/AED If breathing and unconscious- wait for EMS, but maintain ABCs Log Roll- How to Spine Board and Athlete and Emergency Care Spine Injured Athlete 1:Log Roll