2. Athletic Injuries ATC 222 Environmental Considerations Chapter 12

3. Heat and Cold Exchange Metabolism Conduction Convection Radiation Evaporation –humidity decreased at 65% stops at 75%

4. Cold Exposure Types –Hypothermia –Frostbite Contributing Factors –clothing –activity –wind –temperature –moisture

5. Frostbite Types –Frostnip –Superficial –Deep Signs and Symptoms –cold, white, waxy, hard, numb Treatment

6. Heat Illness 3 Types –Heat Cramps –Heat Exhaustion –Heat Stroke Heat Cramps –etiology –signs and symptoms –treatment

7. Heat Exhaustion Etiology Signs and symptoms –pale, cool, clammy skin –profuse sweating –rapid, weak pulse –dizzy, weak, headache, nausea –normal core temperature Treatment

8. Heat Stroke Etiology Signs and symptoms –unconscious? –no active sweating –hot, dry, red skin –rapid strong pulse –elevated core temperature (106 F) –dilated pupils Treatment

9. Prevention acclimatization fluid replacement –before, during, and after activity –45-55 F temperature identify high risk athletes weight charts clothing playing surface wind, temperature, and humidity –heat index –sling psychrometer

10. Sport Drinks 5-8% Carbohydrate solution trace Na, K, Cl (.8g per 8 ounces)