DURABLE SOLUTIONS INITIATIVE (DSI) UN Somalia, Office of the UN DSRSG/HC/RC March 2018

Global context Endorsement of the Grand Bargain at the (2016) World Humanitarian Summit “better way of working is not about shifting funding from development to humanitarian programmes or from humanitarian to development actors. Rather, it is about working collaboratively across institutional boundaries on the basis of comparative advantage.” (2017) Secretary General Reform Agenda / New Way of Working (NWOW) Collective outcomes Humanitarian, development, peace- and state-building Nexus Comparative advantage Multi-year programming and funding Breaking the impasse…. (2016) New York Declaration and Global Compact on Migration and Refugees / Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework (CRRF)

REGIONAL context (2017) Nairobi Declaration and Plan of Action (IGAD) on DS for Somali Refugees and Reintegration of Returnees in Somalia Regional application of the global CRRF to the Somali Situation in East and Horn of Africa Political commitment of IGAD member states and monitoring of progress Drafted after adoption of the NDP and builds on its provisions Agreement between UNHCR and UN Somalia that the CRRF in Somalia will mainly be implemented through the DSI (2012) AU Convention for the Protection and Assistance of IDPs in Africa (Kampala Convention) Continental instrument that makes states responsible for protecting IDPs and creating conditions required to achieve durable solutions Facilities the adoption of national IDP legislation and policies that aim to address displacement issues Not yet ratified by Somalia

state- and peace-building challenge Somali Context 2.1 Mio IDPs , 100’000 refugee returnees and 1 Mio Somali refugees / asylum seekers in neighboring countries Displacement caused by continued conflict and recurrent drought An urbanization challenge as much as a displacement crisis Finding lasting solutions in a context of economic, social, institutional deficits accumulated over decades of crises and continuing insecurity National Development Plan (NDP) National framework for crafting a development response to finding DS Durable solutions mainstreamed across several chapters (e.g. poverty, housing, labour employments) Specific section in the resilience chapter on “Reintegration of the Displaced and Returnees” Sound basis for an integrated and whole-of-government approach to durable solutions state- and peace-building challenge Finding Durable Solutions is mainly a development, state- and peace-building challenge

Durable solutions initiative Launched in December 2015 during the visit of Prof. Walter Kaelin, Special Advisor to the DSRSG/RC/HC on IDPs in Somalia A state-led and community focused initiative to support governments at all levels to provide durable solutions for displacement affected communities (IDPs, returnees and hosts) Collective framework for the government, UN, NGOs and donors in support of the NDP Harmonisation of durable solutions approaches and programming in Somalia through policy dialogue, coordination and programme implementation

DSI – Durable Solutions A long-term and complex process that gradually allows displaced persons to rebuild their lives and become self-reliant through sustainable economic and social (re-) integration at the location of displacement, the place of origin or elsewhere. Durable solutions require the availability of: Physical safety: security, safety, protection and social cohesion Material safety: adequate standard of living, access to liveli-hoods/employment, and access to housing, land and property; Legal safety: access to effective remedies and justice, participation in public affairs, access to documentation and family reunification

dSI – Programming Principles Based on international standards and evidence from the Somalia context, the DSI promotes the following principles: Government-led: government ownership and aligned with the NDP Collective: humanitarian, development, peace- and state-building actors across sectors from the government, UN, NGO, private sector etc. Area based: geographically targeted and adapted to local context Comprehensive: inclusive of IDPs, returnees, and host communities Participatory: community involvement in defining and implementing of priorities Rights- and needs-based: address vulnerabilities and needs and protect rights of the displacement affected

DSI – PROGRESS Durable Solutions are a priority in the National Development Plan Sub-group on Migration, Displacement and Durable Solutions under the SDRF Resilience Pillar established as main platform for all relevant actors Continued high-level policy dialogue on durable solutions and commitment of DPM to set up an inter-ministerial committee to facilitate a whole-of-government approach Drought Impact and Need Assessment (DINA) and Recovery and Resilience Framework (RRF) highlight need for durable solutions and strengthening of urban resilience A durable solutions Collective Outcome is being formulated between the RRF and the HRP Joint Area-based Analysis and Action Plans for several regions developed Joint Durable Solutions Programmes (REINTEG, Midnimo) implemented under government leadership

DSI – CHALLENGES Urban challenges: continuing displacement, refugee return and rural-urban migration accelerates urbanization and increases pressure on available land and housing, basic services and livelihood opportunities Unclear government responsibilities: several governmental institutions dealing with DS with no clear definition of responsibilities; no inter-ministerial mechanism in place Weak normative frameworks: lack of a national IDP Policy and outstanding ratification of Kampala Convention Ambiguous understanding of DS: need for better understanding of DS across sectors and embracing of collective approach by all actors Need to upscale interventions: make us of lessons-learned from first joint DS programmes to scale up efforts Continuing humanitarian emergency: continuing need for short-term relief hampers shift to longer-term approach to displacement

DSI – Way Forward Adoption of a National IDP Policy to protect the rights of the displaced and to clarify roles and responsibilities within the government Implementation of the NDP through the SDRF coordination structure and strengthening of the Migration, Displacement and DS working group Solutions to urban challenges and protractedness of displacement by addressing underlying causes (e.g. gatekeepers, exclusion, housing, land and property) Application of DS principles for an area-based, government-led, participatory, collective and comprehensive approach to displacement Collective approach to combine humanitarian and development responses with state- and peace-building, work beyond institutional boundaries and make use of comparative advantages Innovative and long-term funding and programming including public-private partnerships and flexible multi-year funding and planning Harmonisation and alignment of processes relevant to DS, such as the RRF, Nairobi Plan of Action and National Action Plan with the NDP

THANK YOU Sofia Khetib Grundy, Durable Solutions Coordinator, sofia.khetib@one.un.org Larissa Meier, Durable Solutions Analyst, larissa.meier@one.un.org

References Durable Solutions Initiative, UN Somalia: https://www.uninsomalia.org/durable-solutions-initiative Mission Reports of the Special Advisor on IDPs, Prof. Walter Kaelin: https://www.dropbox.com/sh/b7hd0m5m5nfrpo8/AACosrvXYqGf3KsTxJCeqaQTa?dl=0 Somalia National Development Plan 2017-2019: http://mopic.gov.so/documents/somalia-national-development-plan-2017-2019/ Drought Impact Need Assessment (DINA): http://www.so.undp.org/content/somalia/en/home/climate-and-disaster-reslience/delivering-long-term-resilience-in-parallel-with-vital-humanitar0.html New York Declaration and Global Compact on Migrants and Refugees: https://refugeesmigrants.un.org/declaration Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework (CRRF): http://crrf.unhcr.org/en/ AU Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced People in Africa (Kampala Convention): https://au.int/en/treaties/african-union-convention-protection-and-assistance-internally-displaced-persons-africa Nairobi Declaration and Plan of Action on Durable Solutions for Somali Refugees and Reintegration Returnees in Somalia: https://igad.int/communique/1519-communique-special-summit-of-the-igad-assembly-of-heads-of-state-and-government-on-durable-solutions-for-somali-refugees IASC Framework on Durable Solutions for Internally Displaced Persons: https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/other/documents-public/iasc-framework-durable-solutions-internally-displaced-persons UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement: http://www.unocha.org/sites/dms/Documents/GuidingPrinciplesDispl.pdf