CHAPTER 10 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

Figure 10-1 Skin Structures

Integumentary Facts The largest organ of the body Changes in the skin often indicate the presence of other body system disorders including anemia, respiratory disorders, liver disorders, cancer, and shock

Layers of Skin Epidermis Outermost layer of the skin Composed of a surface of dead cells with an underlying layer of living cells Contains sebaceous glands as well as hair follicles Melanocytes (produce melanin) are located in the epidermi

Hair and Hair Follicles Skin has hair in all areas except the soles of the feet and palms of the hands Hair blocks foreign particles from entering the body through structures such as the nose and eyes The visible portion is called the shaft The follicle is the root of the hair

Glands Three types of glands in the skin: Sebaceous glands (oil or sebum) Keeps the skin soft and waterproof Sudoriferous glands (sweat) Assists in regulation of body temperature and excrete waste products

Glands (Continued) Ceruminous glands (wax) Located in the auditory canal of the ear Secrete wax which rotects the ear from infection and entry of foreign bodies

SKIN ASSESSMENT Techniques Color Temperature Turgor Lesions Edema

Disorders of the Integumentary System Bacterial Infections of the skin: MRSA (Staph)

MRSA VIDEO WARNING http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gU7hrtxBWmA

Disorders of the Integumentary System Bacterial Infections Cont… Cellulitis is a common infection of the skin and the soft tissues underneath. It happens when bacteria enter a break in the skin and spread to the fat layer

Anemia-Pale Respiratory disorders-clubbed fingers, cyanotic lips/fingers Liver-jaundice

Disorders of the Integumentary System Bacterial Infections Cont… Impetigo is a highly contagious bacterial skin infection. It can appear anywhere on the body but usually attacks exposed areas.

Disorders of the Integumentary System Fungal Infections of the skin Ringworm or Tinea; Caused by a fungi Athlete's foot is a common fungal infection of the feet

Disorders of the Integumentary System Fungal Infections Cont… Candidiasis (yeast infection) infection caused by a group of yeast. Onychomycosis fungal infection of the nail.

Disorders of the Integumentary System Viral Infections Shingles Shingles (herpes zoster) results from a reactivation of the virus that also causes chickenpox. Chickenpox Chickenpox (varicella), a viral illness characterized by a very itchy red rash, is one of the most common infectious diseases of childhood.

Viruses Continued… Warts are benign skin growths that appear when a virus infects the top layer of the skin. Wart viruses are contagious. They can spread by contact with the wart or something that touched the wart.

Disorders of the Integumentary Chronic Skin Disorders Eczema is term for a group of medical conditions that cause the skin to become inflamed or irritated. Psoriasis is a common skin disorder that produces thick red plaques covered with silvery scales.

Disorders of the Integumentary Chronic Skin Disorders Cont… Rosacea mainly affects skin on the face. It causes redness on the nose, chin, cheeks, and forehead.

Chronic disorders Hives or Urticaria: Swollen red or pale bumps that appear suddenly on the skin, they blanch white when pressed Can be a result of an allergen or stress Usually cause itching, but may also burn

Skin Cancer

Box 10-1 Warning Signs of Melanoma

Decubitis (bed Sore)

Stage I Decubitis Stage II Decubitis Stage III Decubitis Stage IV Decubitis Skin Tear From Shearing

Contributing factors for decubitis Internal Contributing Factors Malnutrition Dehydration Impaired mobility Chronic conditions Impaired sensation Decreased LOC Advance age External Contributing factors : Pressure Friction Moisture Incontinence Shear

Treatment for Decubitis Best Treatment Is Prevention… Relieve pressure frequently depending on pt. needs and MD orders; Q 1-2 hours. Massage bony areas Ensure proper nutritional intake of protein Position Pt. to relieve pressure on bony areas When moving patient be careful not to shear their skin

Patient positioning for prevention of bedsore http://www. atitesting

Terminology

Macule Papule Fissure Keloid Pustule Crust Cyst

Integumentary quiz

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